diff --git a/.changeset/quiet-slots-stay.md b/.changeset/quiet-slots-stay.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5640ec3a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/quiet-slots-stay.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+'@tanstack/form-core': patch
+---
+
+Fix setting an array value at an index past the end of a non-empty array writing to the wrong index
diff --git a/packages/form-core/src/utils.lib.ts b/packages/form-core/src/utils.lib.ts
index d1e0005cb..e1325be66 100644
--- a/packages/form-core/src/utils.lib.ts
+++ b/packages/form-core/src/utils.lib.ts
@@ -181,7 +181,8 @@ export function setBy(obj: any, _path: any, updater: Updater<any>) {
     if (Array.isArray(parent) && typeof key === 'number') {
       const prefix = parent.slice(0, key)
       return [
-        ...(prefix.length ? prefix : new Array(key)),
+        ...prefix,
+        ...new Array(key - prefix.length),
         doSet(parent[key]),
         ...parent.slice(key + 1),
       ]
diff --git a/packages/form-core/tests/FormApi/FormApi.lib.spec.ts b/packages/form-core/tests/FormApi/FormApi.lib.spec.ts
index 3dc9393ff..2aa39932f 100644
--- a/packages/form-core/tests/FormApi/FormApi.lib.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/form-core/tests/FormApi/FormApi.lib.spec.ts
@@ -742,6 +742,33 @@ describe('InternalFormApi - setFieldValue', () => {
     expect(field.value).toEqual(['B'])
     expect(form.defaultValues).toEqual({ items: ['a'] })
   })
+  it('sets a value at an index past the end of a non-empty array', () => {
+    const form = new InternalFormApi({
+      defaultValues: { phones: ['555-0000'] },
+    })
+    const fields = [0, 1, 2, 3].map((i) =>
+      form._getOrCreateFieldApi({ name: `phones[${i}]` as const }),
+    )
+
+    fields[3]!.handleChange('555-0003')
+
+    expect(form.getFieldValue('phones[3]')).toBe('555-0003')
+    expect(form.state.values.phones).toStrictEqual([
+      '555-0000',
+      undefined,
+      undefined,
+      '555-0003',
+    ])
+
+    fields[1]!.handleChange('555-0001')
+
+    expect(fields.map((field) => field.value)).toStrictEqual([
+      '555-0000',
+      '555-0001',
+      undefined,
+      '555-0003',
+    ])
+  })
 })
 
 describe('InternalFormApi - reset', () => {
@@ -1053,6 +1080,21 @@ describe('InternalFormApi - resetField', () => {
     expect(form.state.values).toEqual({ person: { name: 'Carol' } })
     expect(form.state.isTouched).toBe(true)
   })
+  it('restores the default at its own index when the array is shorter than the defaults', () => {
+    const form = new InternalFormApi({
+      defaultValues: { phones: ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'] },
+    })
+
+    form.setFieldValue('phones', ['a'])
+    form.resetField('phones[3]')
+
+    expect(form.state.values.phones).toStrictEqual([
+      'a',
+      undefined,
+      undefined,
+      'd',
+    ])
+  })
 })
 
 describe('InternalFormApi - deleteField', () => {
diff --git a/packages/form-core/tests/utils.test.ts b/packages/form-core/tests/utils.test.ts
index be555831b..3451d66e1 100644
--- a/packages/form-core/tests/utils.test.ts
+++ b/packages/form-core/tests/utils.test.ts
@@ -99,7 +99,11 @@ describe('utils', () => {
       items: [undefined, undefined, { name: 'Ada' }],
     })
 
-    expect(setBy(['first'], '[2]', 'third')).toEqual(['first', 'third'])
+    expect(setBy(['first'], '[2]', 'third')).toStrictEqual([
+      'first',
+      undefined,
+      'third',
+    ])
     expect(setBy([], '[2]', 'third')).toEqual([undefined, undefined, 'third'])
     expect(setBy(undefined, [undefined], 'third')).toEqual([undefined, 'third'])
   })