From 182ee0bd05d8dd58c1ba0589c86516ea666fdbd5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: adenzhou1350 <209601943+adenzhou1350@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 6 Oct 2026 15:28:50 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] Keep PostgreSQL case-insensitive pattern operators intact

---
 sqlparse/keywords.py            |  2 ++
 tests/test_pattern_operators.py | 39 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 41 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 tests/test_pattern_operators.py

diff --git a/sqlparse/keywords.py b/sqlparse/keywords.py
index dd6e5d15..09714eb1 100644
--- a/sqlparse/keywords.py
+++ b/sqlparse/keywords.py
@@ -199,6 +199,8 @@ def find_delimited_spans(text):
     (r'[;:()\[\],\.]', tokens.Punctuation),
     # JSON operators
     (r'(\->>?|#>>?|@>|<@|\?\|?|\?&|\-|#\-)', tokens.Operator),
+    # PostgreSQL case-insensitive regular-expression and LIKE operators.
+    (r'!?~~?\*', tokens.Operator.Comparison),
     (r'[<>=~!]+', tokens.Operator.Comparison),
     (r'[+/@#%^&|^-]+', tokens.Operator),
 ]
diff --git a/tests/test_pattern_operators.py b/tests/test_pattern_operators.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9b0d5821
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_pattern_operators.py
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+import pytest
+
+import sqlparse
+from sqlparse import lexer, sql
+from sqlparse import tokens as T
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('operator', ['~*', '!~*', '~~*', '!~~*'])
+def test_pattern_operator_token_and_group(operator):
+    assert list(lexer.tokenize(operator)) == [(T.Operator.Comparison, operator)]
+    parsed = sqlparse.parse(f"name {operator} 'pattern'")[0]
+    assert len(parsed.tokens) == 1
+    assert isinstance(parsed.tokens[0], sql.Comparison)
+    assert parsed.tokens[0].tokens[2].value == operator
+    assert parsed.tokens[0].right.value == "'pattern'"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('operator', ['~*', '!~*', '~~*', '!~~*'])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('separator', ['', ' '])
+def test_pattern_operator_spacing(operator, separator):
+    text = f"SELECT name{separator}{operator}{separator}'pattern' FROM tab"
+    expected = f"SELECT name {operator} 'pattern' FROM tab"
+    assert sqlparse.format(text, use_space_around_operators=True) == expected
+    assert sqlparse.format(expected, use_space_around_operators=True) == expected
+
+
+def test_issue613_operator_spacing():
+    text = "SELECT ARRAY[1] <@ ARRAY[1, 2], 'a' !~* 'xyz'"
+    assert sqlparse.format(text, use_space_around_operators=True) == text
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('text, expected', [
+    ('SELECT a*b, * FROM tab', 'SELECT a * b, * FROM tab'),
+    ("SELECT '~*', '!~~*', * FROM tab", "SELECT '~*', '!~~*', * FROM tab"),
+    ("SELECT name ~ * 'pattern'", "SELECT name ~ * 'pattern'"),
+    ("SELECT name ~/* keep */*'pattern'", "SELECT name ~ /* keep */*'pattern'"),
+])
+def test_pattern_operator_controls(text, expected):
+    assert sqlparse.format(text, use_space_around_operators=True) == expected