diff --git a/system/Validation/CreditCardRules.php b/system/Validation/CreditCardRules.php
index e484c35f66cb..a31b303fcb86 100644
--- a/system/Validation/CreditCardRules.php
+++ b/system/Validation/CreditCardRules.php
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ class CreditCardRules
      *  prefixes    - List of possible prefixes for the card
      *  checkdigit  - Boolean on whether we should do a modulus10 check on the numbers.
      *
-     * @var array
+     * @var array<string, array{name: string, length: string, prefixes: string, checkdigit: bool}>
      */
     protected $cards = [
         'American Express' => [
diff --git a/system/Validation/DotArrayFilter.php b/system/Validation/DotArrayFilter.php
index 673fe67ed138..8e059c3661ae 100644
--- a/system/Validation/DotArrayFilter.php
+++ b/system/Validation/DotArrayFilter.php
@@ -21,10 +21,10 @@ final class DotArrayFilter
     /**
      * Creates a new array with only the elements specified in dot array syntax.
      *
-     * @param array $indexes The dot array syntax pattern to use for filtering.
-     * @param array $array   The array to filter.
+     * @param list<string>            $indexes The dot array syntax pattern to use for filtering.
+     * @param array<array-key, mixed> $array   The array to filter.
      *
-     * @return array The filtered array.
+     * @return array<array-key, mixed> The filtered array.
      */
     public static function run(array $indexes, array $array): array
     {
@@ -47,10 +47,10 @@ public static function run(array $indexes, array $array): array
     /**
      * Used by `run()` to recursively filter the array with wildcards.
      *
-     * @param array $indexes The dot array syntax pattern to use for filtering.
-     * @param array $array   The array to filter.
+     * @param list<string>            $indexes The dot array syntax pattern to use for filtering.
+     * @param array<array-key, mixed> $array   The array to filter.
      *
-     * @return array The filtered array.
+     * @return array<array-key, mixed> The filtered array.
      */
     private static function filter(array $indexes, array $array): array
     {
diff --git a/system/Validation/Rules.php b/system/Validation/Rules.php
index 31aa042c5d36..c48465b327e0 100644
--- a/system/Validation/Rules.php
+++ b/system/Validation/Rules.php
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ class Rules
     /**
      * The value does not match another field in $data.
      *
-     * @param string|null $str
-     * @param array       $data Other field/value pairs
+     * @param string|null             $str
+     * @param array<array-key, mixed> $data Other field/value pairs
      */
     public function differs($str, string $field, array $data): bool
     {
@@ -110,12 +110,14 @@ public function greater_than_equal_to($str, string $min): bool
      * Can ignore records by field/value to filter (currently
      * accept only one filter).
      *
-     * Example:
+     * ```
      *    is_not_unique[dbGroup.table.field,where_field,where_value]
      *    is_not_unique[table.field,where_field,where_value]
      *    is_not_unique[menu.id,active,1]
+     * ```
      *
-     * @param string|null $str
+     * @param string|null             $str
+     * @param array<array-key, mixed> $data
      */
     public function is_not_unique($str, string $field, array $data): bool
     {
@@ -158,7 +160,8 @@ public function in_list($value, string $list): bool
      *    is_unique[table.field,ignore_field,ignore_value]
      *    is_unique[users.email,id,5]
      *
-     * @param string|null $str
+     * @param string|null             $str
+     * @param array<array-key, mixed> $data
      */
     public function is_unique($str, string $field, array $data): bool
     {
@@ -178,9 +181,9 @@ public function is_unique($str, string $field, array $data): bool
     /**
      * Prepares the database query for uniqueness checks.
      *
-     * @param mixed                $value The value to check.
-     * @param string               $field The field parameters.
-     * @param array<string, mixed> $data  Additional data.
+     * @param mixed                   $value The value to check.
+     * @param string                  $field The field parameters.
+     * @param array<array-key, mixed> $data  Additional data.
      *
      * @return array{0: BaseBuilder, 1: string|null, 2: string|null}
      */
@@ -247,8 +250,8 @@ public function less_than_equal_to($str, string $max): bool
     /**
      * Matches the value of another field in $data.
      *
-     * @param string|null $str
-     * @param array       $data Other field/value pairs
+     * @param string|null             $str
+     * @param array<array-key, mixed> $data Other field/value pairs
      */
     public function matches($str, string $field, array $data): bool
     {
@@ -343,9 +346,9 @@ public function required($str = null): bool
      *
      *     required_with[password]
      *
-     * @param string|null $str
-     * @param string|null $fields List of fields that we should check if present
-     * @param array       $data   Complete list of fields from the form
+     * @param string|null             $str
+     * @param string|null             $fields List of fields that we should check if present
+     * @param array<array-key, mixed> $data   Complete list of fields from the form
      */
     public function required_with($str = null, ?string $fields = null, array $data = []): bool
     {
@@ -387,9 +390,10 @@ public function required_with($str = null, ?string $fields = null, array $data =
      *
      *     required_without[id,email]
      *
-     * @param string|null $str
-     * @param string|null $otherFields The param fields of required_without[].
-     * @param string|null $field       This rule param fields aren't present, this field is required.
+     * @param string|null             $str
+     * @param string|null             $otherFields The param fields of required_without[].
+     * @param string|null             $field       This rule param fields aren't present, this field is required.
+     * @param array<array-key, mixed> $data
      */
     public function required_without(
         $str = null,
@@ -454,10 +458,10 @@ public function required_without(
     /**
      * The field exists in $data.
      *
-     * @param mixed       $value The field value.
-     * @param string|null $param The rule's parameter.
-     * @param array       $data  The data to be validated.
-     * @param string|null $field The field name.
+     * @param mixed                   $value The field value.
+     * @param string|null             $param The rule's parameter.
+     * @param array<array-key, mixed> $data  The data to be validated.
+     * @param string|null             $field The field name.
      */
     public function field_exists(
         $value = null,
diff --git a/system/Validation/StrictRules/Rules.php b/system/Validation/StrictRules/Rules.php
index 6d8dce14588b..cca4fdf494be 100644
--- a/system/Validation/StrictRules/Rules.php
+++ b/system/Validation/StrictRules/Rules.php
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ public function __construct()
     /**
      * The value does not match another field in $data.
      *
-     * @param mixed $str
-     * @param array $data Other field/value pairs
+     * @param mixed                   $str
+     * @param array<array-key, mixed> $data Other field/value pairs
      */
     public function differs(
         $str,
@@ -137,7 +137,8 @@ public function greater_than_equal_to($str, string $min): bool
      *    is_not_unique[table.field,where_field,where_value]
      *    is_not_unique[menu.id,active,1]
      *
-     * @param mixed $str
+     * @param mixed                   $str
+     * @param array<array-key, mixed> $data
      */
     public function is_not_unique($str, string $field, array $data): bool
     {
@@ -176,7 +177,8 @@ public function in_list($value, string $list): bool
      *    is_unique[table.field,ignore_field,ignore_value]
      *    is_unique[users.email,id,5]
      *
-     * @param mixed $str
+     * @param mixed                   $str
+     * @param array<array-key, mixed> $data
      */
     public function is_unique($str, string $field, array $data): bool
     {
@@ -226,8 +228,8 @@ public function less_than_equal_to($str, string $max): bool
     /**
      * Matches the value of another field in $data.
      *
-     * @param mixed $str
-     * @param array $data Other field/value pairs
+     * @param mixed                   $str
+     * @param array<array-key, mixed> $data Other field/value pairs
      */
     public function matches(
         $str,
@@ -339,9 +341,9 @@ public function required($str = null): bool
      *
      *     required_with[password]
      *
-     * @param mixed       $str
-     * @param string|null $fields List of fields that we should check if present
-     * @param array       $data   Complete list of fields from the form
+     * @param mixed                   $str
+     * @param string|null             $fields List of fields that we should check if present
+     * @param array<array-key, mixed> $data   Complete list of fields from the form
      */
     public function required_with($str = null, ?string $fields = null, array $data = []): bool
     {
@@ -356,9 +358,10 @@ public function required_with($str = null, ?string $fields = null, array $data =
      *
      *     required_without[id,email]
      *
-     * @param mixed       $str
-     * @param string|null $otherFields The param fields of required_without[].
-     * @param string|null $field       This rule param fields aren't present, this field is required.
+     * @param mixed                   $str
+     * @param string|null             $otherFields The param fields of required_without[].
+     * @param string|null             $field       This rule param fields aren't present, this field is required.
+     * @param array<array-key, mixed> $data
      */
     public function required_without(
         $str = null,
@@ -373,10 +376,10 @@ public function required_without(
     /**
      * The field exists in $data.
      *
-     * @param mixed       $value The field value.
-     * @param string|null $param The rule's parameter.
-     * @param array       $data  The data to be validated.
-     * @param string|null $field The field name.
+     * @param mixed                   $value The field value.
+     * @param string|null             $param The rule's parameter.
+     * @param array<array-key, mixed> $data  The data to be validated.
+     * @param string|null             $field The field name.
      */
     public function field_exists(
         $value = null,
diff --git a/system/Validation/Validation.php b/system/Validation/Validation.php
index ceaa557ea404..b7c702aee6bc 100644
--- a/system/Validation/Validation.php
+++ b/system/Validation/Validation.php
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 namespace CodeIgniter\Validation;
 
 use Closure;
-use CodeIgniter\Database\BaseConnection;
 use CodeIgniter\Exceptions\InvalidArgumentException;
 use CodeIgniter\Exceptions\LogicException;
 use CodeIgniter\HTTP\Exceptions\HTTPException;
@@ -34,22 +33,20 @@ class Validation implements ValidationInterface
     /**
      * Files to load with validation functions.
      *
-     * @var array
+     * @var list<class-string>
      */
     protected $ruleSetFiles;
 
     /**
      * The loaded instances of our validation files.
      *
-     * @var array
+     * @var array<class-string, object>
      */
     protected $ruleSetInstances = [];
 
     /**
      * Stores the actual rules that should be run against $data.
-     *
-     * @var array<array-key, array{label?: string, rules: list<string>}>
-     *
+     * ```
      * [
      *     field1 => [
      *         'label' => label,
@@ -58,6 +55,9 @@ class Validation implements ValidationInterface
      *          ],
      *     ],
      * ]
+     * ```
+     *
+     * @var array<array-key, array{label?: string|null, rules: list<(Closure(mixed, array<array-key, mixed>=, string|null=, string|null=): (bool|string))|string>}>
      */
     protected $rules = [];
 
@@ -65,14 +65,14 @@ class Validation implements ValidationInterface
      * The data that should be validated,
      * where 'key' is the alias, with value.
      *
-     * @var array
+     * @var array<string, mixed>
      */
     protected $data = [];
 
     /**
      * The data that was actually validated.
      *
-     * @var array
+     * @var array<string, mixed>
      */
     protected $validated = [];
 
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ class Validation implements ValidationInterface
      * Any generated errors during validation.
      * 'key' is the alias, 'value' is the message.
      *
-     * @var array
+     * @var array<string, string>
      */
     protected $errors = [];
 
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ class Validation implements ValidationInterface
      * Stores custom error message to use
      * during validation. Where 'key' is the alias.
      *
-     * @var array
+     * @var array<string, array<string, string>>
      */
     protected $customErrors = [];
 
@@ -122,14 +122,6 @@ public function __construct($config, RendererInterface $view)
         $this->loadRuleSets();
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Runs the validation process, returning true/false determining whether
-     * validation was successful or not.
-     *
-     * @param array|null                                 $data    The array of data to validate.
-     * @param string|null                                $group   The predefined group of rules to apply.
-     * @param array|BaseConnection|non-empty-string|null $dbGroup The database group to use.
-     */
     public function run(?array $data = null, ?string $group = null, $dbGroup = null): bool
     {
         if ($data === null) {
@@ -165,10 +157,6 @@ public function run(?array $data = null, ?string $group = null, $dbGroup = null)
 
             $rules = $setup['rules'];
 
-            if (is_string($rules)) {
-                $rules = $this->splitRules($rules);
-            }
-
             if (str_contains($field, '*')) {
                 $flattenedArray = array_flatten_with_dots($data);
 
@@ -238,15 +226,6 @@ private static function getRegex(string $field): string
             . '\z/';
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Runs the validation process, returning true or false determining whether
-     * validation was successful or not.
-     *
-     * @param mixed        $value   The data to validate.
-     * @param array|string $rules   The validation rules.
-     * @param list<string> $errors  The custom error message.
-     * @param string|null  $dbGroup The database group to use.
-     */
     public function check($value, $rules, array $errors = [], $dbGroup = null): bool
     {
         $this->reset();
@@ -263,9 +242,6 @@ public function check($value, $rules, array $errors = [], $dbGroup = null): bool
         );
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Returns the actual validated data.
-     */
     public function getValidated(): array
     {
         return $this->validated;
@@ -277,10 +253,10 @@ public function getValidated(): array
      * the error to $this->errors and moves on to the next,
      * so that we can collect all of the first errors.
      *
-     * @param array|string $value
-     * @param array        $rules
-     * @param array        $data          The array of data to validate, with `DBGroup`.
-     * @param string|null  $originalField The original asterisk field name like "foo.*.bar".
+     * @param array<array-key, mixed>|string                                                                     $value
+     * @param list<(Closure(mixed, array<array-key, mixed>=, string|null=, string|null=): (bool|string))|string> $rules
+     * @param array<array-key, mixed>                                                                            $data          The array of data to validate, with `DBGroup`.
+     * @param string|null                                                                                        $originalField The original asterisk field name like "foo.*.bar".
      */
     protected function processRules(
         string $field,
@@ -386,9 +362,10 @@ protected function processRules(
     }
 
     /**
-     * @param array $data The array of data to validate, with `DBGroup`.
+     * @param list<(Closure(mixed, array<array-key, mixed>=, string|null=, string|null=): (bool|string))|string> $rules
+     * @param array<array-key, mixed>                                                                            $data  The array of data to validate, with `DBGroup`.
      *
-     * @return array|true The modified rules or true if we return early
+     * @return list<(Closure(mixed, array<array-key, mixed>=, string|null=, string|null=): (bool|string))|string>|true The modified rules or true if we return early
      */
     private function processIfExist(string $field, array $rules, array $data)
     {
@@ -427,10 +404,11 @@ private function processIfExist(string $field, array $rules, array $data)
     }
 
     /**
-     * @param array|string $value
-     * @param array        $data  The array of data to validate, with `DBGroup`.
+     * @param array<array-key, mixed>|string                                                                     $value
+     * @param list<(Closure(mixed, array<array-key, mixed>=, string|null=, string|null=): (bool|string))|string> $rules
+     * @param array<array-key, mixed>                                                                            $data  The array of data to validate, with `DBGroup`.
      *
-     * @return array|true The modified rules or true if we return early
+     * @return list<(Closure(mixed, array<array-key, mixed>=, string|null=, string|null=): (bool|string))|string>|true The modified rules or true if we return early
      */
     private function processPermitEmpty($value, array $rules, array $data)
     {
@@ -474,7 +452,7 @@ private function processPermitEmpty($value, array $rules, array $data)
     }
 
     /**
-     * @param Closure(bool|float|int|list<mixed>|object|string|null, bool|float|int|list<mixed>|object|string|null, string|null, string|null): (bool|string) $rule
+     * @param Closure(mixed, array<array-key, mixed>=, string|null=, string|null=): (bool|string) $rule
      */
     private function isClosure($rule): bool
     {
@@ -483,6 +461,8 @@ private function isClosure($rule): bool
 
     /**
      * Is the array a string list `list<string>`?
+     *
+     * @param array<array-key, mixed> $array
      */
     private function isStringList(array $array): bool
     {
@@ -535,24 +515,6 @@ public function withRequest(RequestInterface $request): ValidationInterface
         return $this;
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Sets (or adds) an individual rule and custom error messages for a single
-     * field.
-     *
-     * The custom error message should be just the messages that apply to
-     * this field, like so:
-     *    [
-     *        'rule1' => 'message1',
-     *        'rule2' => 'message2',
-     *    ]
-     *
-     * @param array|string $rules  The validation rules.
-     * @param array        $errors The custom error message.
-     *
-     * @return $this
-     *
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     */
     public function setRule(string $field, ?string $label, $rules, array $errors = [])
     {
         if (! is_array($rules) && ! is_string($rules)) {
@@ -575,24 +537,6 @@ public function setRule(string $field, ?string $label, $rules, array $errors = [
         return $this;
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Stores the rules that should be used to validate the items.
-     *
-     * Rules should be an array formatted like:
-     *    [
-     *        'field' => 'rule1|rule2'
-     *    ]
-     *
-     * The $errors array should be formatted like:
-     *    [
-     *        'field' => [
-     *            'rule1' => 'message1',
-     *            'rule2' => 'message2',
-     *        ],
-     *    ]
-     *
-     * @param array $errors An array of custom error messages
-     */
     public function setRules(array $rules, array $errors = []): ValidationInterface
     {
         $this->customErrors = $errors;
@@ -625,9 +569,6 @@ public function setRules(array $rules, array $errors = []): ValidationInterface
         return $this;
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Returns all of the rules currently defined.
-     */
     public function getRules(): array
     {
         return $this->rules;
@@ -736,20 +677,6 @@ protected function loadRuleSets()
         }
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Loads custom rule groups (if set) into the current rules.
-     *
-     * Rules can be pre-defined in Config\Validation and can
-     * be any name, but must all still be an array of the
-     * same format used with setRules(). Additionally, check
-     * for {group}_errors for an array of custom error messages.
-     *
-     * @param non-empty-string|null $group
-     *
-     * @return array<int, array> [rules, customErrors]
-     *
-     * @throws ValidationException
-     */
     public function loadRuleGroup(?string $group = null)
     {
         if ($group === null || $group === '') {
@@ -791,6 +718,11 @@ public function loadRuleGroup(?string $group = null)
      * The value of {id} would be replaced with the actual id in the form data:
      *
      *  'is_unique[users,email,id,13]'
+     *
+     * @param array<array-key, array{label?: string|null, rules: list<(Closure(mixed, array<array-key, mixed>=, string|null=, string|null=): (bool|string))|string>}> $rules
+     * @param array<array-key, mixed>                                                                                                                                 $data
+     *
+     * @return array<array-key, array{label?: string|null, rules: list<(Closure(mixed, array<array-key, mixed>=, string|null=, string|null=): (bool|string))|string>}>
      */
     protected function fillPlaceholders(array $rules, array $data): array
     {
@@ -850,6 +782,10 @@ protected function fillPlaceholders(array $rules, array $data): array
 
     /**
      * Retrieves valid placeholder fields.
+     *
+     * @param array<array-key, mixed> $data
+     *
+     * @return list<string>
      */
     private function retrievePlaceholders(string $rule, array $data): array
     {
@@ -957,6 +893,8 @@ protected function getErrorMessage(
 
     /**
      * Split rules string by pipe operator.
+     *
+     * @return list<string>
      */
     protected function splitRules(string $rules): array
     {
diff --git a/system/Validation/ValidationInterface.php b/system/Validation/ValidationInterface.php
index 836516d561b8..e90c41ffd341 100644
--- a/system/Validation/ValidationInterface.php
+++ b/system/Validation/ValidationInterface.php
@@ -25,9 +25,9 @@ interface ValidationInterface
      * Runs the validation process, returning true/false determining whether
      * validation was successful or not.
      *
-     * @param array|null                                 $data    The array of data to validate.
-     * @param string|null                                $group   The predefined group of rules to apply.
-     * @param array|BaseConnection|non-empty-string|null $dbGroup The database group to use.
+     * @param array<array-key, mixed>|null                                 $data    The array of data to validate.
+     * @param string|null                                                  $group   The predefined group of rules to apply.
+     * @param array<array-key, mixed>|BaseConnection|non-empty-string|null $dbGroup The database group to use.
      */
     public function run(?array $data = null, ?string $group = null, $dbGroup = null): bool;
 
@@ -35,10 +35,10 @@ public function run(?array $data = null, ?string $group = null, $dbGroup = null)
      * Check; runs the validation process, returning true or false
      * determining whether or not validation was successful.
      *
-     * @param mixed        $value   Value to validate.
-     * @param array|string $rules
-     * @param list<string> $errors
-     * @param string|null  $dbGroup The database group to use.
+     * @param mixed                          $value   Value to validate.
+     * @param array<array-key, mixed>|string $rules
+     * @param array<array-key, string>       $errors
+     * @param string|null                    $dbGroup The database group to use.
      *
      * @return bool True if valid, else false.
      */
@@ -55,13 +55,12 @@ public function withRequest(RequestInterface $request): ValidationInterface;
      *
      * The custom error message should be just the messages that apply to
      * this field, like so:
+     * ```
+     * ['rule1' => 'message', 'rule2' => 'message']
+     * ```
      *
-     *    [
-     *        'rule' => 'message',
-     *        'rule' => 'message',
-     *    ]
-     *
-     * @param array|string $rules
+     * @param array<array-key, mixed>|string $rules
+     * @param array<array-key, string>       $errors
      *
      * @return $this
      */
@@ -69,11 +68,16 @@ public function setRule(string $field, ?string $label, $rules, array $errors = [
 
     /**
      * Stores the rules that should be used to validate the items.
+     *
+     * @param array<array-key, array<array-key, mixed>|string> $rules
+     * @param array<array-key, array<array-key, string>>       $messages
      */
     public function setRules(array $rules, array $messages = []): ValidationInterface;
 
     /**
      * Returns all of the rules currently defined.
+     *
+     * @return array<array-key, array{label?: string, rules: list<string>}>
      */
     public function getRules(): array;
 
@@ -139,7 +143,7 @@ public function reset(): ValidationInterface;
      *
      * @param non-empty-string|null $group
      *
-     * @return array
+     * @return list<array<array-key, mixed>>
      */
     public function loadRuleGroup(?string $group = null);
 
@@ -160,6 +164,8 @@ public function showError(string $field, string $template = 'single'): string;
 
     /**
      * Returns the actual validated data.
+     *
+     * @return array<array-key, mixed>
      */
     public function getValidated(): array;
 }
diff --git a/tests/system/Validation/FormatRulesTest.php b/tests/system/Validation/FormatRulesTest.php
index d35855865e05..c2b6e0ca480c 100644
--- a/tests/system/Validation/FormatRulesTest.php
+++ b/tests/system/Validation/FormatRulesTest.php
@@ -160,6 +160,9 @@ public function testValidURLStrict(?string $url, bool $isLoose, bool $isStrict):
         $this->assertSame($isStrict, $this->validation->run($data));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{string|null, bool, bool}>
+     */
     public static function provideValidUrl(): iterable
     {
         yield from [
@@ -286,6 +289,9 @@ public function testValidEmail(?string $email, bool $expected): void
         $this->assertSame($expected, $this->validation->run($data));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{string|null, bool}>
+     */
     public static function provideValidEmail(): iterable
     {
         yield from [
@@ -318,6 +324,9 @@ public function testValidEmails(?string $email, bool $expected): void
         $this->assertSame($expected, $this->validation->run($data));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{string|null, bool}>
+     */
     public static function provideValidEmails(): iterable
     {
         yield from [
@@ -362,6 +371,9 @@ public function testValidIP(?string $ip, ?string $which, bool $expected): void
         $this->assertSame($expected, $this->validation->run($data));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{string|null, string|null, bool}>
+     */
     public static function provideValidIP(): iterable
     {
         yield from [
@@ -430,6 +442,9 @@ public function testString($str, bool $expected): void
         $this->assertSame($expected, $this->validation->run($data));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{int|string, bool}>
+     */
     public static function provideString(): iterable
     {
         yield from [
@@ -462,6 +477,9 @@ public function testAlpha(?string $str, bool $expected): void
         $this->assertSame($expected, $this->validation->run($data));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{int|string, bool}>
+     */
     public static function provideAlpha(): iterable
     {
         yield from [
@@ -502,6 +520,9 @@ public function testAlphaSpace(?string $value, bool $expected): void
         $this->assertSame($expected, $this->validation->run($data));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{string|null, bool}>
+     */
     public static function provideAlphaSpace(): iterable
     {
         yield from [
@@ -546,6 +567,9 @@ public function testAlphaNumeric(?string $str, bool $expected): void
         $this->assertSame($expected, $this->validation->run($data));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{string|null, bool}>
+     */
     public static function alphaNumericProvider(): iterable
     {
         yield from [
@@ -582,6 +606,9 @@ public function testAlphaNumericPunct(?string $str, bool $expected): void
         $this->assertSame($expected, $this->validation->run($data));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{string|null, bool}>
+     */
     public static function provideAlphaNumericPunct(): iterable
     {
         yield from [
@@ -710,6 +737,9 @@ public function testAlphaDash(?string $str, bool $expected): void
         $this->assertSame($expected, $this->validation->run($data));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{string|null, bool}>
+     */
     public static function provideAlphaDash(): iterable
     {
         yield from [
@@ -746,6 +776,9 @@ public function testHex(?string $str, bool $expected): void
         $this->assertSame($expected, $this->validation->run($data));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{string|null, bool}>
+     */
     public static function provideHex(): iterable
     {
         yield from [
@@ -782,6 +815,9 @@ public function testNumeric(?string $str, bool $expected): void
         $this->assertSame($expected, $this->validation->run($data));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{string|null, bool}>
+     */
     public static function provideNumeric(): iterable
     {
         yield from [
@@ -856,6 +892,9 @@ public function testNumericWithInvalidTypeData($value, bool $expected): void
         $this->assertSame($expected, $this->validation->run($data));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{mixed, bool}>
+     */
     public static function provideInvalidIntegerType(): iterable
     {
         // TypeError : CodeIgniter\Validation\FormatRules::integer(): Argument #1 ($str) must be of type ?string, array given
@@ -900,6 +939,9 @@ public function testInteger(?string $str, bool $expected): void
         $this->assertSame($expected, $this->validation->run($data));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{string|null, bool}>
+     */
     public static function provideInteger(): iterable
     {
         yield from [
@@ -952,6 +994,9 @@ public function testDecimal(?string $str, bool $expected): void
         $this->assertSame($expected, $this->validation->run($data));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{string|null, bool}>
+     */
     public static function provideDecimal(): iterable
     {
         yield from [
@@ -1008,6 +1053,9 @@ public function testNatural(?string $str, bool $expected): void
         $this->assertSame($expected, $this->validation->run($data));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{string|null, bool}>
+     */
     public static function provideNatural(): iterable
     {
         yield from [
@@ -1048,6 +1096,9 @@ public function testNaturalNoZero(?string $str, bool $expected): void
         $this->assertSame($expected, $this->validation->run($data));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{string|null, bool}>
+     */
     public static function provideNaturalNoZero(): iterable
     {
         yield from [
@@ -1088,6 +1139,9 @@ public function testBase64(?string $str, bool $expected): void
         $this->assertSame($expected, $this->validation->run($data));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{string|null, bool}>
+     */
     public static function provideBase64(): iterable
     {
         yield from [
@@ -1124,6 +1178,9 @@ public function testJson(?string $str, bool $expected): void
         $this->assertSame($expected, $this->validation->run($data));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{string|null, bool}>
+     */
     public static function provideJson(): iterable
     {
         yield from [
@@ -1180,6 +1237,9 @@ public function testTimeZone(?string $str, bool $expected): void
         $this->assertSame($expected, $this->validation->run($data));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{string|null, bool}>
+     */
     public static function provideTimeZone(): iterable
     {
         yield from [
@@ -1216,6 +1276,9 @@ public function testValidDate(?string $str, ?string $format, bool $expected): vo
         $this->assertSame($expected, $this->validation->run($data));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{string|null, string|null, bool}>
+     */
     public static function provideValidDate(): iterable
     {
         yield from [
diff --git a/tests/system/Validation/RulesTest.php b/tests/system/Validation/RulesTest.php
index deddab05dc4d..27806ac0fdbc 100644
--- a/tests/system/Validation/RulesTest.php
+++ b/tests/system/Validation/RulesTest.php
@@ -59,6 +59,9 @@ protected function setUp(): void
         $this->validation->reset();
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @param array<array-key, mixed> $data
+     */
     #[DataProvider('provideRequired')]
     public function testRequired(array $data, bool $expected): void
     {
@@ -66,6 +69,9 @@ public function testRequired(array $data, bool $expected): void
         $this->assertSame($expected, $this->validation->run($data));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{array<array-key, mixed>, bool}>
+     */
     public static function provideRequired(): iterable
     {
         yield from [
@@ -79,6 +85,10 @@ public static function provideRequired(): iterable
         ];
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @param array<array-key, array<array-key, mixed>|string> $rules
+     * @param array<array-key, mixed>                          $data
+     */
     #[DataProvider('provideIfExist')]
     public function testIfExist(array $rules, array $data, bool $expected): void
     {
@@ -86,6 +96,9 @@ public function testIfExist(array $rules, array $data, bool $expected): void
         $this->assertSame($expected, $this->validation->run($data));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{array<array-key, array<array-key, mixed>|string>, array<array-key, mixed>, bool}>
+     */
     public static function provideIfExist(): iterable
     {
         yield from [
@@ -143,6 +156,10 @@ public function testIfExistArray(): void
         $this->validation->run($data);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @param array<array-key, array<array-key, mixed>|string> $rules
+     * @param array<array-key, mixed>                          $data
+     */
     #[DataProvider('providePermitEmpty')]
     public function testPermitEmpty(array $rules, array $data, bool $expected): void
     {
@@ -150,6 +167,9 @@ public function testPermitEmpty(array $rules, array $data, bool $expected): void
         $this->assertSame($expected, $this->validation->run($data));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{array<array-key, array<array-key, mixed>|string>, array<array-key, mixed>, bool}>
+     */
     public static function providePermitEmpty(): iterable
     {
         yield from [
@@ -310,6 +330,9 @@ public static function providePermitEmpty(): iterable
         ];
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @param array<array-key, mixed> $data
+     */
     #[DataProvider('provideMatches')]
     public function testMatches(array $data, bool $expected): void
     {
@@ -317,6 +340,9 @@ public function testMatches(array $data, bool $expected): void
         $this->assertSame($expected, $this->validation->run($data));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{array<array-key, mixed>, bool}>
+     */
     public static function provideMatches(): iterable
     {
         yield from [
@@ -332,6 +358,9 @@ public static function provideMatches(): iterable
         ];
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @param array<array-key, mixed> $data
+     */
     #[DataProvider('provideMatchesNestedCases')]
     public function testMatchesNested(array $data, bool $expected): void
     {
@@ -383,6 +412,9 @@ public function testMatchesWithDotArrayFail(): void
         );
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @param array<array-key, mixed> $data
+     */
     #[DataProvider('provideDiffers')]
     public function testDiffers(array $data, bool $expected): void
     {
@@ -390,6 +422,9 @@ public function testDiffers(array $data, bool $expected): void
         $this->assertSame($expected, $this->validation->run($data));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{array<array-key, mixed>, bool}>
+     */
     public static function provideDiffers(): iterable
     {
         yield from [
@@ -405,6 +440,9 @@ public static function provideDiffers(): iterable
         ];
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @param array<array-key, mixed> $data
+     */
     #[DataProvider('provideMatchesNestedCases')]
     public function testDiffersNested(array $data, bool $expected): void
     {
@@ -412,6 +450,9 @@ public function testDiffersNested(array $data, bool $expected): void
         $this->assertSame(! $expected, $this->validation->run($data));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{array<array-key, mixed>, bool}>
+     */
     public static function provideMatchesNestedCases(): iterable
     {
         yield from [
@@ -464,6 +505,9 @@ public function testDiffersWithDotArrayFail(): void
         );
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @param array<array-key, mixed> $data
+     */
     #[DataProvider('provideEquals')]
     public function testEquals(array $data, string $param, bool $expected): void
     {
@@ -471,6 +515,9 @@ public function testEquals(array $data, string $param, bool $expected): void
         $this->assertSame($expected, $this->validation->run($data));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{array<array-key, mixed>, string, bool}>
+     */
     public static function provideEquals(): iterable
     {
         yield from [
@@ -489,6 +536,9 @@ public function testMinLength(?string $data, string $length, bool $expected): vo
         $this->assertSame($expected, $this->validation->run(['foo' => $data]));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{string|null, string, bool}>
+     */
     public static function provideMinLengthCases(): iterable
     {
         yield from [
@@ -522,6 +572,9 @@ public function testExactLength($data, bool $expected): void
         $this->assertSame($expected, $this->validation->run(['foo' => $data]));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{int|string|null, bool}>
+     */
     public static function provideExactLength(): iterable
     {
         yield from [
@@ -550,6 +603,9 @@ public function testGreaterThan(?string $first, ?string $second, bool $expected)
         $this->assertSame($expected, $this->validation->run($data));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{string|null, string|null, bool}>
+     */
     public static function provideGreaterThan(): iterable
     {
         yield from [
@@ -573,6 +629,9 @@ public function testGreaterThanEqual(?string $first, ?string $second, bool $expe
         $this->assertSame($expected, $this->validation->run($data));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{string|null, string|null, bool}>
+     */
     public static function provideGreaterThanEqual(): iterable
     {
         yield from [
@@ -597,6 +656,9 @@ public function testLessThan(?string $first, ?string $second, bool $expected): v
         $this->assertSame($expected, $this->validation->run($data));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{string|null, string|null, bool}>
+     */
     public static function provideLessThan(): iterable
     {
         yield from [
@@ -621,6 +683,9 @@ public function testLessThanEqual(?string $first, ?string $second, bool $expecte
         $this->assertSame($expected, $this->validation->run($data));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{string|null, string|null, bool}>
+     */
     public static function provideLessThanEqual(): iterable
     {
         yield from [
@@ -653,6 +718,9 @@ public function testNotInList(?string $first, ?string $second, bool $expected):
         $this->assertSame(! $expected, $this->validation->run($data));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{string|null, string|null, bool}>
+     */
     public static function provideInList(): iterable
     {
         yield from [
@@ -687,6 +755,9 @@ public function testRequiredWith(string $field, ?string $check, bool $expected):
         $this->assertSame($expected, $this->validation->run($data));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{string, string|null, bool}>
+     */
     public static function provideRequiredWith(): iterable
     {
         yield from [
@@ -719,8 +790,9 @@ public static function provideRequiredWith(): iterable
         ];
     }
 
+    /** @see https://github.com/codeigniter4/CodeIgniter4/issues/7557 */
     /**
-     * @see https://github.com/codeigniter4/CodeIgniter4/issues/7557
+     * @param array<array-key, mixed> $data
      */
     #[DataProvider('provideRequiredWithAndOtherRules')]
     public function testRequiredWithAndOtherRules(bool $expected, array $data): void
@@ -734,6 +806,9 @@ public function testRequiredWithAndOtherRules(bool $expected, array $data): void
         $this->assertSame($expected, $result);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{bool, array<array-key, mixed>}>
+     */
     public static function provideRequiredWithAndOtherRules(): iterable
     {
         yield from [
@@ -756,6 +831,9 @@ public static function provideRequiredWithAndOtherRules(): iterable
         ];
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @param array<array-key, mixed> $data
+     */
     #[DataProvider('provideRequiredWithAndOtherRuleWithValueZero')]
     public function testRequiredWithAndOtherRuleWithValueZero(bool $expected, array $data): void
     {
@@ -769,6 +847,9 @@ public function testRequiredWithAndOtherRuleWithValueZero(bool $expected, array
         $this->assertSame($expected, $result);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{bool, array<array-key, mixed>}>
+     */
     public static function provideRequiredWithAndOtherRuleWithValueZero(): iterable
     {
         yield from [
@@ -797,6 +878,9 @@ public function testRequiredWithout(string $field, ?string $check, bool $expecte
         $this->assertSame($expected, $this->validation->run($data));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{string, string|null, bool}>
+     */
     public static function provideRequiredWithout(): iterable
     {
         yield from [
@@ -841,6 +925,9 @@ public function testRequiredWithoutMultiple(string $foo, string $bar, string $ba
         $this->assertSame($result, $this->validation->run($data));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{string, string, string, bool}>
+     */
     public static function provideRequiredWithoutMultiple(): iterable
     {
         yield from [
@@ -877,6 +964,9 @@ public static function provideRequiredWithoutMultiple(): iterable
         ];
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @param array<array-key, mixed> $data
+     */
     #[DataProvider('provideRequiredWithoutMultipleWithoutFields')]
     public function testRequiredWithoutMultipleWithoutFields(array $data, bool $result): void
     {
@@ -885,6 +975,9 @@ public function testRequiredWithoutMultipleWithoutFields(array $data, bool $resu
         $this->assertSame($result, $this->validation->run($data));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{array<array-key, mixed>, bool}>
+     */
     public static function provideRequiredWithoutMultipleWithoutFields(): iterable
     {
         yield from [
@@ -917,6 +1010,10 @@ public static function provideRequiredWithoutMultipleWithoutFields(): iterable
         ];
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @param array<array-key, array<array-key, mixed>|string> $rules
+     * @param array<array-key, mixed>                          $data
+     */
     #[DataProvider('provideFieldExists')]
     public function testFieldExists(array $rules, array $data, bool $expected): void
     {
@@ -924,6 +1021,9 @@ public function testFieldExists(array $rules, array $data, bool $expected): void
         $this->assertSame($expected, $this->validation->run($data));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{array<array-key, array<array-key, mixed>|string>, array<array-key, mixed>, bool}>
+     */
     public static function provideFieldExists(): iterable
     {
         // Do not use `foo`, because there is a lang file `Foo`, and
diff --git a/tests/system/Validation/StrictRules/CreditCardRulesTest.php b/tests/system/Validation/StrictRules/CreditCardRulesTest.php
index 21691ebd6fae..deda7d76f984 100644
--- a/tests/system/Validation/StrictRules/CreditCardRulesTest.php
+++ b/tests/system/Validation/StrictRules/CreditCardRulesTest.php
@@ -69,6 +69,8 @@ public function testValidCCNumber(string $type, ?string $number, bool $expected)
      * Cards shown are test cards found around the web.
      *
      * @see https://www.paypalobjects.com/en_US/vhelp/paypalmanager_help/credit_card_numbers.htm
+     *
+     * @return iterable<string, array{string, string|null, bool}>
      */
     public static function provideValidCCNumber(): iterable
     {
diff --git a/tests/system/Validation/StrictRules/RulesTest.php b/tests/system/Validation/StrictRules/RulesTest.php
index 0fc4f9e38c6e..9cb5744a285d 100644
--- a/tests/system/Validation/StrictRules/RulesTest.php
+++ b/tests/system/Validation/StrictRules/RulesTest.php
@@ -48,6 +48,10 @@ final class RulesTest extends TraditionalRulesTest
         ],
     ];
 
+    /**
+     * @param array<array-key, array<array-key, mixed>|string> $rules
+     * @param array<array-key, mixed>                          $data
+     */
     #[DataProvider('providePermitEmptyStrict')]
     public function testPermitEmptyStrict(array $rules, array $data, bool $expected): void
     {
@@ -55,6 +59,9 @@ public function testPermitEmptyStrict(array $rules, array $data, bool $expected)
         $this->assertSame($expected, $this->validation->run($data));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{array<array-key, array<array-key, mixed>|string>, array<array-key, mixed>, bool}>
+     */
     public static function providePermitEmptyStrict(): iterable
     {
         yield from [
@@ -114,6 +121,9 @@ public function testGreaterThanEqualStrict($value, string $param, bool $expected
         $this->assertSame($expected, $this->validation->run($data));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{int, string, bool}>
+     */
     public static function provideGreaterThanEqualStrict(): iterable
     {
         yield from [
@@ -139,6 +149,9 @@ public function testGreaterThanStrict($value, string $param, bool $expected): vo
         $this->assertSame($expected, $this->validation->run($data));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{int, string, bool}>
+     */
     public static function provideGreaterThanStrict(): iterable
     {
         yield from [
@@ -165,6 +178,9 @@ public function testLessThanStrict($value, string $param, bool $expected): void
         $this->assertSame($expected, $this->validation->run($data));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{int, string, bool}>
+     */
     public static function provideLessThanStrict(): iterable
     {
         yield from [
@@ -192,6 +208,9 @@ public function testLessEqualThanStrict($value, ?string $param, bool $expected):
         $this->assertSame($expected, $this->validation->run($data));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{int, string|null, bool}>
+     */
     public static function provideLessEqualThanStrict(): iterable
     {
         yield from [
@@ -205,6 +224,9 @@ public static function provideLessEqualThanStrict(): iterable
         ];
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @param array<array-key, mixed> $data
+     */
     #[DataProvider('provideMatches')]
     public function testMatches(array $data, bool $expected): void
     {
@@ -212,6 +234,9 @@ public function testMatches(array $data, bool $expected): void
         $this->assertSame($expected, $this->validation->run($data));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{array<array-key, mixed>, bool}>
+     */
     public static function provideMatches(): iterable
     {
         yield from [
@@ -227,6 +252,9 @@ public static function provideMatches(): iterable
         ];
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @param array<array-key, mixed> $data
+     */
     #[DataProvider('provideDiffers')]
     public function testDiffers(array $data, bool $expected): void
     {
@@ -234,6 +262,9 @@ public function testDiffers(array $data, bool $expected): void
         $this->assertSame($expected, $this->validation->run($data));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{array<array-key, mixed>, bool}>
+     */
     public static function provideDiffers(): iterable
     {
         yield from [
diff --git a/tests/system/Validation/ValidationTest.php b/tests/system/Validation/ValidationTest.php
index 3a0f57a0e8e6..6c7cb20de0e9 100644
--- a/tests/system/Validation/ValidationTest.php
+++ b/tests/system/Validation/ValidationTest.php
@@ -213,6 +213,9 @@ public function testSetRuleRulesFormat(bool $expected, $rules): void
         $this->addToAssertionCount(1);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{bool, mixed}>
+     */
     public static function provideSetRuleRulesFormat(): iterable
     {
         yield 'fail-simple-object' => [
@@ -403,6 +406,8 @@ public function testCallableRule(): void
 
     /**
      * Validation rule2
+     *
+     * @param array<array-key, mixed> $data
      */
     public function rule2(mixed $value, array $data, ?string &$error, string $field): bool
     {
@@ -473,6 +478,9 @@ public function testCanValidatetArrayData($value, bool $expected): void
         $this->assertSame($expected, $this->validation->run($data));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{mixed, bool}>
+     */
     public static function provideCanValidatetArrayData(): iterable
     {
         yield 'list array' => [
@@ -524,6 +532,9 @@ public function testIsIntWithInvalidTypeData($value, bool $expected): void
         $this->assertSame($expected, $this->validation->run($data));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{mixed, bool}>
+     */
     public static function provideIsIntWithInvalidTypeData(): iterable
     {
         yield 'array with int' => [
@@ -752,6 +763,11 @@ public function testRunWithCustomErrorsAndAsteriskField(): void
      * @param list<string>|string $rules
      * @param string              $expected
      */
+    /**
+     * @param array<array-key, array<array-key, mixed>|string> $errors
+     * @param mixed                                            $rules
+     * @param mixed                                            $expected
+     */
     #[DataProvider('provideRulesSetup')]
     public function testRulesSetup($rules, $expected, array $errors = []): void
     {
@@ -762,6 +778,9 @@ public function testRulesSetup($rules, $expected, array $errors = []): void
         $this->assertSame($expected, $this->validation->getError('foo'));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{list<string>|string, string, array<array-key, array<array-key, mixed>|string>}>
+     */
     public static function provideRulesSetup(): iterable
     {
         yield from [
@@ -1054,9 +1073,9 @@ public function testShowBadTemplate(): void
 
     public function testNoRuleSetsSetup(): void
     {
-        try {
-            $rulesets = static::$config['ruleSets'];
+        $rulesets = static::$config['ruleSets'];
 
+        try {
             static::$config['ruleSets'] = null;
             (new Validation((object) static::$config, service('renderer')))
                 ->reset()
@@ -1188,6 +1207,11 @@ public function testRulesForObjectField(): void
         ], $this->validation->getErrors());
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @param array<array-key, mixed>                          $body
+     * @param array<array-key, array<array-key, mixed>|string> $rules
+     * @param array<array-key, mixed>                          $results
+     */
     #[DataProvider('provideRulesForArrayField')]
     public function testRulesForArrayField(array $body, array $rules, array $results): void
     {
@@ -1201,6 +1225,9 @@ public function testRulesForArrayField(array $body, array $rules, array $results
         $this->assertSame($results, $this->validation->getErrors());
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<string, array{body: array<array-key, mixed>, rules: array<array-key, array<array-key, mixed>|string>, results: array<array-key, mixed>}>
+     */
     public static function provideRulesForArrayField(): iterable
     {
         yield from [
@@ -1450,8 +1477,10 @@ public function testTranslatedLabelTagReplacement(): void
         $this->assertSame($expected, $errors['Username']);
     }
 
+    /** @see https://github.com/codeigniter4/CodeIgniter4/issues/4521 */
     /**
-     * @see https://github.com/codeigniter4/CodeIgniter4/issues/4521
+     * @param array<array-key, array<array-key, mixed>|string> $rules
+     * @param array<array-key, mixed>                          $data
      */
     #[DataProvider('provideIfExistRuleWithAsterisk')]
     public function testIfExistRuleWithAsterisk(bool $expected, array $rules, array $data): void
@@ -1460,6 +1489,9 @@ public function testIfExistRuleWithAsterisk(bool $expected, array $rules, array
         $this->assertSame($expected, $actual);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{bool, array<array-key, array<array-key, mixed>|string>, array<array-key, mixed>}>
+     */
     public static function provideIfExistRuleWithAsterisk(): iterable
     {
         yield 'dot-on-end-fail' => [
@@ -1519,8 +1551,10 @@ public static function provideIfExistRuleWithAsterisk(): iterable
         ];
     }
 
+    /** @see https://github.com/codeigniter4/CodeIgniter4/issues/4510 */
     /**
-     * @see https://github.com/codeigniter4/CodeIgniter4/issues/4510
+     * @param array<array-key, array<array-key, mixed>|string> $rules
+     * @param array<array-key, mixed>                          $data
      */
     #[DataProvider('provideValidationOfArrayData')]
     public function testValidationOfArrayData(bool $expected, array $rules, array $data): void
@@ -1529,6 +1563,9 @@ public function testValidationOfArrayData(bool $expected, array $rules, array $d
         $this->assertSame($expected, $actual);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{bool, array<array-key, array<array-key, mixed>|string>, array<array-key, mixed>}>
+     */
     public static function provideValidationOfArrayData(): iterable
     {
         yield 'fail-empty-string' => [
@@ -1574,8 +1611,9 @@ public static function provideValidationOfArrayData(): iterable
         ];
     }
 
+    /** @see https://github.com/codeigniter4/CodeIgniter4/issues/4929 */
     /**
-     * @see https://github.com/codeigniter4/CodeIgniter4/issues/4929
+     * @param array<array-key, mixed> $expected
      */
     #[DataProvider('provideSplittingOfComplexStringRules')]
     public function testSplittingOfComplexStringRules(string $input, array $expected): void
@@ -1584,6 +1622,9 @@ public function testSplittingOfComplexStringRules(string $input, array $expected
         $this->assertSame($expected, $splitter($input));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return iterable<array{string, array<array-key, mixed>}>
+     */
     public static function provideSplittingOfComplexStringRules(): iterable
     {
         yield [
@@ -1636,7 +1677,7 @@ public static function provideSplittingOfComplexStringRules(): iterable
      * internal method to simplify placeholder replacement test
      * REQUIRES THE RULES TO BE SET FOR THE FIELD "foo"
      *
-     * @param array|null $data optional POST data, needs to contain the key $placeholderField to pass
+     * @param array<array-key, mixed>|null $data Optional POST data, needs to contain the key $placeholderField to pass
      *
      * @source https://github.com/codeigniter4/CodeIgniter4/pull/3910#issuecomment-784922913
      */
diff --git a/utils/phpstan-baseline/argument.type.neon b/utils/phpstan-baseline/argument.type.neon
index 80cb40694994..6619cabe64fc 100644
--- a/utils/phpstan-baseline/argument.type.neon
+++ b/utils/phpstan-baseline/argument.type.neon
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# total 64 errors
+# total 63 errors
 
 parameters:
     ignoreErrors:
@@ -172,11 +172,6 @@ parameters:
             count: 1
             path: ../../tests/system/Test/TestResponseTest.php
 
-        -
-            message: '#^Parameter \#3 \$errors of method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\Validation\:\:check\(\) expects list\<string\>, array\{is_numeric\: ''Nope\. Not a number\.''\} given\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/ValidationTest.php
-
         -
             message: '#^Parameter \#2 \$context of method CodeIgniter\\View\\Parser\:\:setData\(\) expects ''attr''\|''css''\|''html''\|''js''\|''raw''\|''url''\|null, ''unknown'' given\.$#'
             count: 3
diff --git a/utils/phpstan-baseline/loader.neon b/utils/phpstan-baseline/loader.neon
index 57a1c5ee9257..5201cc0ce757 100644
--- a/utils/phpstan-baseline/loader.neon
+++ b/utils/phpstan-baseline/loader.neon
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# total 1381 errors
+# total 1226 errors
 
 includes:
     - argument.type.neon
diff --git a/utils/phpstan-baseline/missingType.iterableValue.neon b/utils/phpstan-baseline/missingType.iterableValue.neon
index 518e931c13d8..bc77f2121b41 100644
--- a/utils/phpstan-baseline/missingType.iterableValue.neon
+++ b/utils/phpstan-baseline/missingType.iterableValue.neon
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# total 1129 errors
+# total 975 errors
 
 parameters:
     ignoreErrors:
@@ -3732,326 +3732,6 @@ parameters:
             count: 1
             path: ../../system/Typography/Typography.php
 
-        -
-            message: '#^Property CodeIgniter\\Validation\\CreditCardRules\:\:\$cards type has no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/CreditCardRules.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\DotArrayFilter\:\:filter\(\) has parameter \$array with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/DotArrayFilter.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\DotArrayFilter\:\:filter\(\) has parameter \$indexes with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/DotArrayFilter.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\DotArrayFilter\:\:filter\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/DotArrayFilter.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\DotArrayFilter\:\:run\(\) has parameter \$array with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/DotArrayFilter.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\DotArrayFilter\:\:run\(\) has parameter \$indexes with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/DotArrayFilter.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\DotArrayFilter\:\:run\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/DotArrayFilter.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\Rules\:\:differs\(\) has parameter \$data with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/Rules.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\Rules\:\:field_exists\(\) has parameter \$data with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/Rules.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\Rules\:\:is_not_unique\(\) has parameter \$data with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/Rules.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\Rules\:\:is_unique\(\) has parameter \$data with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/Rules.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\Rules\:\:matches\(\) has parameter \$data with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/Rules.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\Rules\:\:required_with\(\) has parameter \$data with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/Rules.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\Rules\:\:required_without\(\) has parameter \$data with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/Rules.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\StrictRules\\Rules\:\:differs\(\) has parameter \$data with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/StrictRules/Rules.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\StrictRules\\Rules\:\:field_exists\(\) has parameter \$data with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/StrictRules/Rules.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\StrictRules\\Rules\:\:is_not_unique\(\) has parameter \$data with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/StrictRules/Rules.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\StrictRules\\Rules\:\:is_unique\(\) has parameter \$data with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/StrictRules/Rules.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\StrictRules\\Rules\:\:matches\(\) has parameter \$data with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/StrictRules/Rules.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\StrictRules\\Rules\:\:required_with\(\) has parameter \$data with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/StrictRules/Rules.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\StrictRules\\Rules\:\:required_without\(\) has parameter \$data with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/StrictRules/Rules.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\Validation\:\:check\(\) has parameter \$rules with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/Validation.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\Validation\:\:fillPlaceholders\(\) has parameter \$data with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/Validation.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\Validation\:\:fillPlaceholders\(\) has parameter \$rules with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/Validation.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\Validation\:\:fillPlaceholders\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/Validation.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\Validation\:\:getRules\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/Validation.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\Validation\:\:getValidated\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/Validation.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\Validation\:\:isStringList\(\) has parameter \$array with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/Validation.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\Validation\:\:loadRuleGroup\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/Validation.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\Validation\:\:processIfExist\(\) has parameter \$data with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/Validation.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\Validation\:\:processIfExist\(\) has parameter \$rules with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/Validation.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\Validation\:\:processIfExist\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/Validation.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\Validation\:\:processPermitEmpty\(\) has parameter \$data with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/Validation.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\Validation\:\:processPermitEmpty\(\) has parameter \$rules with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/Validation.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\Validation\:\:processPermitEmpty\(\) has parameter \$value with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/Validation.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\Validation\:\:processPermitEmpty\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/Validation.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\Validation\:\:processRules\(\) has parameter \$data with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/Validation.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\Validation\:\:processRules\(\) has parameter \$rules with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/Validation.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\Validation\:\:processRules\(\) has parameter \$value with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/Validation.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\Validation\:\:retrievePlaceholders\(\) has parameter \$data with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/Validation.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\Validation\:\:retrievePlaceholders\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/Validation.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\Validation\:\:run\(\) has parameter \$data with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/Validation.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\Validation\:\:run\(\) has parameter \$dbGroup with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/Validation.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\Validation\:\:setRule\(\) has parameter \$errors with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/Validation.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\Validation\:\:setRule\(\) has parameter \$rules with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/Validation.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\Validation\:\:setRules\(\) has parameter \$errors with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/Validation.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\Validation\:\:setRules\(\) has parameter \$rules with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/Validation.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\Validation\:\:splitRules\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/Validation.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Property CodeIgniter\\Validation\\Validation\:\:\$customErrors type has no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/Validation.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Property CodeIgniter\\Validation\\Validation\:\:\$data type has no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/Validation.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Property CodeIgniter\\Validation\\Validation\:\:\$errors type has no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/Validation.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Property CodeIgniter\\Validation\\Validation\:\:\$ruleSetFiles type has no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/Validation.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Property CodeIgniter\\Validation\\Validation\:\:\$ruleSetInstances type has no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/Validation.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Property CodeIgniter\\Validation\\Validation\:\:\$validated type has no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/Validation.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\ValidationInterface\:\:check\(\) has parameter \$rules with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/ValidationInterface.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\ValidationInterface\:\:getRules\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/ValidationInterface.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\ValidationInterface\:\:getValidated\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/ValidationInterface.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\ValidationInterface\:\:loadRuleGroup\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/ValidationInterface.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\ValidationInterface\:\:run\(\) has parameter \$data with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/ValidationInterface.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\ValidationInterface\:\:run\(\) has parameter \$dbGroup with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/ValidationInterface.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\ValidationInterface\:\:setRule\(\) has parameter \$errors with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/ValidationInterface.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\ValidationInterface\:\:setRule\(\) has parameter \$rules with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/ValidationInterface.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\ValidationInterface\:\:setRules\(\) has parameter \$messages with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/ValidationInterface.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\ValidationInterface\:\:setRules\(\) has parameter \$rules with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Validation/ValidationInterface.php
-
         -
             message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\View\\Cell\:\:determineClass\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
             count: 1
@@ -5127,456 +4807,6 @@ parameters:
             count: 1
             path: ../../tests/system/Throttle/ThrottleTest.php
 
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\FormatRulesTest\:\:alphaNumericProvider\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/FormatRulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\FormatRulesTest\:\:provideAlphaDash\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/FormatRulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\FormatRulesTest\:\:provideAlphaNumericPunct\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/FormatRulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\FormatRulesTest\:\:provideAlphaSpace\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/FormatRulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\FormatRulesTest\:\:provideAlpha\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/FormatRulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\FormatRulesTest\:\:provideBase64\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/FormatRulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\FormatRulesTest\:\:provideDecimal\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/FormatRulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\FormatRulesTest\:\:provideHex\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/FormatRulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\FormatRulesTest\:\:provideInteger\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/FormatRulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\FormatRulesTest\:\:provideInvalidIntegerType\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/FormatRulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\FormatRulesTest\:\:provideJson\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/FormatRulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\FormatRulesTest\:\:provideNaturalNoZero\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/FormatRulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\FormatRulesTest\:\:provideNatural\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/FormatRulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\FormatRulesTest\:\:provideNumeric\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/FormatRulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\FormatRulesTest\:\:provideString\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/FormatRulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\FormatRulesTest\:\:provideTimeZone\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/FormatRulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\FormatRulesTest\:\:provideValidDate\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/FormatRulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\FormatRulesTest\:\:provideValidEmail\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/FormatRulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\FormatRulesTest\:\:provideValidEmails\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/FormatRulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\FormatRulesTest\:\:provideValidIP\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/FormatRulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\FormatRulesTest\:\:provideValidUrl\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/FormatRulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\RulesTest\:\:provideDiffers\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/RulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\RulesTest\:\:provideEquals\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/RulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\RulesTest\:\:provideExactLength\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/RulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\RulesTest\:\:provideFieldExists\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/RulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\RulesTest\:\:provideGreaterThanEqual\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/RulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\RulesTest\:\:provideGreaterThan\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/RulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\RulesTest\:\:provideIfExist\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/RulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\RulesTest\:\:provideInList\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/RulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\RulesTest\:\:provideLessThanEqual\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/RulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\RulesTest\:\:provideLessThan\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/RulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\RulesTest\:\:provideMatchesNestedCases\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/RulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\RulesTest\:\:provideMatches\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/RulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\RulesTest\:\:provideMinLengthCases\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/RulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\RulesTest\:\:providePermitEmpty\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/RulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\RulesTest\:\:provideRequiredWithAndOtherRuleWithValueZero\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/RulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\RulesTest\:\:provideRequiredWithAndOtherRules\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/RulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\RulesTest\:\:provideRequiredWith\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/RulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\RulesTest\:\:provideRequiredWithoutMultipleWithoutFields\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/RulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\RulesTest\:\:provideRequiredWithoutMultiple\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/RulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\RulesTest\:\:provideRequiredWithout\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/RulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\RulesTest\:\:provideRequired\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/RulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\RulesTest\:\:testDiffersNested\(\) has parameter \$data with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/RulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\RulesTest\:\:testDiffers\(\) has parameter \$data with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/RulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\RulesTest\:\:testEquals\(\) has parameter \$data with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/RulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\RulesTest\:\:testFieldExists\(\) has parameter \$data with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/RulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\RulesTest\:\:testFieldExists\(\) has parameter \$rules with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/RulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\RulesTest\:\:testIfExist\(\) has parameter \$data with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/RulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\RulesTest\:\:testIfExist\(\) has parameter \$rules with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/RulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\RulesTest\:\:testMatchesNested\(\) has parameter \$data with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/RulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\RulesTest\:\:testMatches\(\) has parameter \$data with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/RulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\RulesTest\:\:testPermitEmpty\(\) has parameter \$data with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/RulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\RulesTest\:\:testPermitEmpty\(\) has parameter \$rules with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/RulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\RulesTest\:\:testRequiredWithAndOtherRuleWithValueZero\(\) has parameter \$data with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/RulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\RulesTest\:\:testRequiredWithAndOtherRules\(\) has parameter \$data with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/RulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\RulesTest\:\:testRequiredWithoutMultipleWithoutFields\(\) has parameter \$data with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/RulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\RulesTest\:\:testRequired\(\) has parameter \$data with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/RulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\StrictRules\\CreditCardRulesTest\:\:provideValidCCNumber\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/StrictRules/CreditCardRulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\StrictRules\\FormatRulesTest\:\:provideAlphaSpace\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/StrictRules/FormatRulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\StrictRules\\FormatRulesTest\:\:provideInvalidIntegerType\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/StrictRules/FormatRulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\StrictRules\\RulesTest\:\:provideDiffers\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/StrictRules/RulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\StrictRules\\RulesTest\:\:provideGreaterThanEqualStrict\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/StrictRules/RulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\StrictRules\\RulesTest\:\:provideGreaterThanStrict\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/StrictRules/RulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\StrictRules\\RulesTest\:\:provideLessEqualThanStrict\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/StrictRules/RulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\StrictRules\\RulesTest\:\:provideLessThanStrict\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/StrictRules/RulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\StrictRules\\RulesTest\:\:provideMatches\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/StrictRules/RulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\StrictRules\\RulesTest\:\:providePermitEmptyStrict\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/StrictRules/RulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\StrictRules\\RulesTest\:\:testDiffers\(\) has parameter \$data with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/StrictRules/RulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\StrictRules\\RulesTest\:\:testMatches\(\) has parameter \$data with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/StrictRules/RulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\StrictRules\\RulesTest\:\:testPermitEmptyStrict\(\) has parameter \$data with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/StrictRules/RulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\StrictRules\\RulesTest\:\:testPermitEmptyStrict\(\) has parameter \$rules with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/StrictRules/RulesTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\ValidationTest\:\:placeholderReplacementResultDetermination\(\) has parameter \$data with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/ValidationTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\ValidationTest\:\:provideCanValidatetArrayData\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/ValidationTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\ValidationTest\:\:provideIfExistRuleWithAsterisk\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/ValidationTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\ValidationTest\:\:provideIsIntWithInvalidTypeData\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/ValidationTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\ValidationTest\:\:provideRulesForArrayField\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/ValidationTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\ValidationTest\:\:provideRulesSetup\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/ValidationTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\ValidationTest\:\:provideSetRuleRulesFormat\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/ValidationTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\ValidationTest\:\:provideSplittingOfComplexStringRules\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/ValidationTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\ValidationTest\:\:provideValidationOfArrayData\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type iterable\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/ValidationTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\ValidationTest\:\:rule2\(\) has parameter \$data with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/ValidationTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\ValidationTest\:\:testIfExistRuleWithAsterisk\(\) has parameter \$data with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/ValidationTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\ValidationTest\:\:testIfExistRuleWithAsterisk\(\) has parameter \$rules with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/ValidationTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\ValidationTest\:\:testRulesForArrayField\(\) has parameter \$body with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/ValidationTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\ValidationTest\:\:testRulesForArrayField\(\) has parameter \$results with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/ValidationTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\ValidationTest\:\:testRulesForArrayField\(\) has parameter \$rules with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/ValidationTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\ValidationTest\:\:testRulesSetup\(\) has parameter \$errors with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/ValidationTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\ValidationTest\:\:testSplittingOfComplexStringRules\(\) has parameter \$expected with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/ValidationTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\ValidationTest\:\:testValidationOfArrayData\(\) has parameter \$data with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/ValidationTest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\Validation\\ValidationTest\:\:testValidationOfArrayData\(\) has parameter \$rules with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../tests/system/Validation/ValidationTest.php
-
         -
             message: '#^Method CodeIgniter\\View\\DBResultDummy\:\:getFieldNames\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
             count: 1