diff --git a/src/FastExpressionCompiler/FastExpressionCompiler.cs b/src/FastExpressionCompiler/FastExpressionCompiler.cs
index d95a7cf6..a299a518 100644
--- a/src/FastExpressionCompiler/FastExpressionCompiler.cs
+++ b/src/FastExpressionCompiler/FastExpressionCompiler.cs
@@ -1694,7 +1694,10 @@ public static Result TryCollectInfo(ref CompilerContext context, Expression expr
                         return r;
 
                     case ExpressionType.Extension:
-                        expr = expr.Reduce();
+                        var reduced = expr.Reduce();
+                        if (reduced == null || ReferenceEquals(reduced, expr))
+                            return Result.NotSupported_UnknownExpression;
+                        expr = reduced;
                         enterable = false;
                         continue;
 
@@ -2673,7 +2676,10 @@ public static bool TryEmit(Expression expr, ILGenerator il, ref CompilerContext
                             return TryEmitSwitch((SwitchExpression)expr, il, ref context, parent);
 
                         case ExpressionType.Extension:
-                            expr = expr.Reduce();
+                            var reduced = expr.Reduce();
+                            if (reduced == null || ReferenceEquals(reduced, expr))
+                                return false;
+                            expr = reduced;
                             continue;
 
                         case ExpressionType.DebugInfo: // todo: @feature - is not supported yet
diff --git a/test/FastExpressionCompiler.TestsRunner.Net472/Program.cs b/test/FastExpressionCompiler.TestsRunner.Net472/Program.cs
index b14becd1..648326e3 100644
--- a/test/FastExpressionCompiler.TestsRunner.Net472/Program.cs
+++ b/test/FastExpressionCompiler.TestsRunner.Net472/Program.cs
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ static void RunLightExpressionTests(object state)
             fecTests.Run(new Issue495_Incomplete_pattern_detection_for_NotSupported_1007_Return_goto_from_TryCatch_with_Assign_generates_invalid_IL());
             fecTests.Run(new Issue498_InvalidProgramException_when_using_loop());
             fecTests.Run(new Issue499_InvalidProgramException_for_Sorting_and_comparison_function());
+            fecTests.Run(new ReductionProgressRegressionTests());
             fecTests.Run(new ParityTests());
 
 
diff --git a/test/FastExpressionCompiler.TestsRunner/Program.cs b/test/FastExpressionCompiler.TestsRunner/Program.cs
index b4cdbea1..119e0d76 100644
--- a/test/FastExpressionCompiler.TestsRunner/Program.cs
+++ b/test/FastExpressionCompiler.TestsRunner/Program.cs
@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ public static void Main()
             var stStopwatch = Stopwatch.StartNew();
             st.Run(new Issue499_InvalidProgramException_for_Sorting_and_comparison_function());
             st.Run(new Issue561_NonBooleanEqualityOperator());
+            st.Run(new ReductionProgressRegressionTests());
             st.Run(new ParityTests());
             st.Run(new Issue498_InvalidProgramException_when_using_loop());
             st.Run(new Issue495_Incomplete_pattern_detection_for_NotSupported_1007_Return_goto_from_TryCatch_with_Assign_generates_invalid_IL());
diff --git a/test/FastExpressionCompiler.UnitTests/ReductionProgressRegressionTests.cs b/test/FastExpressionCompiler.UnitTests/ReductionProgressRegressionTests.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..28c10afd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/FastExpressionCompiler.UnitTests/ReductionProgressRegressionTests.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+#if !LIGHT_EXPRESSION
+using System;
+using System.Linq.Expressions;
+using System.Reflection.Emit;
+namespace FastExpressionCompiler.UnitTests;
+public struct ReductionProgressRegressionTests : ITestX
+{
+    public void Run(TestRun t)
+    {
+        Self_reductions_follow_the_strict_rejection_contract(t);
+        Null_reductions_follow_the_strict_rejection_contract(t);
+        Emission_rejects_a_reduction_that_stops_progressing(t);
+        Valid_reduction_chains_keep_parameters(t);
+        Compile_to_IL_rejects_nonprogressing_reductions(t);
+    }
+    public void Self_reductions_follow_the_strict_rejection_contract(TestContext t)
+    {
+        foreach (var reducible in new[] { false, true })
+        {
+            var node = new BoundedSelf(reducible);
+            t.IsNull(Expression.Lambda<Func<int>>(node).CompileFast(true));
+            t.AreEqual(1, node.Count);
+            t.Throws<NotSupportedExpressionException>(() => Expression.Lambda<Func<int>>(new BoundedSelf(reducible))
+                .CompileFast(true, CompilerFlags.ThrowOnNotSupportedExpression));
+            t.Throws<ArgumentException>(() => Expression.Lambda<Func<int>>(new BoundedSelf(reducible)).CompileFast());
+        }
+    }
+    public void Null_reductions_follow_the_strict_rejection_contract(TestContext t)
+    {
+        t.IsNull(Expression.Lambda<Func<int>>(new NullReduction()).CompileFast(true));
+        t.Throws<NotSupportedExpressionException>(() => Expression.Lambda<Func<int>>(new NullReduction())
+            .CompileFast(true, CompilerFlags.ThrowOnNotSupportedExpression));
+        t.Throws<ArgumentException>(() => Expression.Lambda<Func<int>>(new NullReduction()).CompileFast());
+    }
+    public void Emission_rejects_a_reduction_that_stops_progressing(TestContext t)
+    {
+        var node = new BoundedSelf(true, firstValue: true);
+        t.IsNull(Expression.Lambda<Func<int>>(node).CompileFast(true));
+        t.AreEqual(2, node.Count);
+    }
+    public void Valid_reduction_chains_keep_parameters(TestContext t)
+    {
+        var p = Expression.Parameter(typeof(int));
+        var source = Expression.Lambda<Func<int, int>>(new Reduction(new Reduction(Expression.Add(p, Expression.Constant(2)))), p);
+        var fast = source.CompileFast(true);
+        if (t.IsNotNull(fast)) t.AreEqual(source.Compile()(3), fast(3));
+    }
+    public void Compile_to_IL_rejects_nonprogressing_reductions(TestContext t)
+    {
+        var method = new DynamicMethod("NoProgress", typeof(int), Type.EmptyTypes);
+        t.IsFalse(Expression.Lambda<Func<int>>(new BoundedSelf(false)).CompileFastToIL(method.GetILGenerator()));
+        t.IsNull(Expression.Lambda<Func<int>>(new BoundedSelf(false)).TryCompileWithoutClosure<Func<int>>());
+    }
+    // Bound the deliberately broken reducer so testing the unfixed compiler cannot hang.
+    private sealed class BoundedSelf : Expression
+    {
+        private readonly bool _reducible, _firstValue;
+        public int Count;
+        public BoundedSelf(bool reducible, bool firstValue = false) { _reducible = reducible; _firstValue = firstValue; }
+        public override Type Type => typeof(int);
+        public override ExpressionType NodeType => ExpressionType.Extension;
+        public override bool CanReduce => _reducible;
+        public override Expression Reduce()
+        {
+            if (++Count > 2) throw new InvalidOperationException("Reducer was called repeatedly without progress.");
+            return _firstValue && Count == 1 ? Constant(42) : this;
+        }
+    }
+    private sealed class NullReduction : Expression
+    {
+        public override Type Type => typeof(int);
+        public override ExpressionType NodeType => ExpressionType.Extension;
+        public override bool CanReduce => true;
+        public override Expression Reduce() => null;
+    }
+    private sealed class Reduction : Expression
+    {
+        private readonly Expression _body;
+        public Reduction(Expression body) => _body = body;
+        public override Type Type => _body.Type;
+        public override ExpressionType NodeType => ExpressionType.Extension;
+        public override bool CanReduce => true;
+        public override Expression Reduce() => _body;
+    }
+}
+#endif