diff --git a/src/FastExpressionCompiler/FastExpressionCompiler.cs b/src/FastExpressionCompiler/FastExpressionCompiler.cs
index 8ee51c68..bddc4f1f 100644
--- a/src/FastExpressionCompiler/FastExpressionCompiler.cs
+++ b/src/FastExpressionCompiler/FastExpressionCompiler.cs
@@ -3242,7 +3242,8 @@ public static bool TryEmitParameter(ParameterExpression paramExpr, ILGenerator i
                 var paramExprCount = paramExprs.GetParamCount();
                 var paramType = paramExpr.Type;
                 var isValueType = paramType.IsValueType;
-                var isParamOrVarByRef = paramExpr.IsByRef && !paramType.IsNullable(); // for the nullable part check the #461 cases with nullable
+                var isParamOrVarByRef = paramExpr.IsByRef &&
+                    (!paramType.IsNullable() || (parent & (ParentFlags.Arithmetic | ParentFlags.AssignmentRightValue)) != 0); // #461 member access uses the nullable address; value operations dereference it
                 var isPassedRef = byRefIndex != -1;
 
                 // Parameter may represent a variable, so first look if this is the case,
@@ -3717,7 +3718,7 @@ private static bool TryEmitConvert(UnaryExpression expr, ILGenerator il, ref Com
                         return TryEmit(opExpr, il, ref context, parent & ~ParentFlags.InstanceAccess);
 
                     // Emit the operand before going to the fast checks below
-                    if (!TryEmit(opExpr, il, ref context, parent & ~ParentFlags.IgnoreResult & ~ParentFlags.InstanceAccess))
+                    if (!TryEmit(opExpr, il, ref context, (parent & ~ParentFlags.IgnoreResult & ~ParentFlags.InstanceAccess) | ParentFlags.AssignmentRightValue))
                         return false;
 
                     if (sourceType == targetType)
diff --git a/test/FastExpressionCompiler.TestsRunner.Net472/Program.cs b/test/FastExpressionCompiler.TestsRunner.Net472/Program.cs
index eaeefdf4..acbca4ec 100644
--- a/test/FastExpressionCompiler.TestsRunner.Net472/Program.cs
+++ b/test/FastExpressionCompiler.TestsRunner.Net472/Program.cs
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ static void RunLightExpressionTests(object state)
                 t.Run(new LightExpression.IssueTests.Issue476_System_ExecutionEngineException_with_nullables_on_repeated_calls_to_ConcurrentDictionary());
                 t.Run(new LightExpression.IssueTests.Issue498_InvalidProgramException_when_using_loop());
                 t.Run(new LightExpression.IssueTests.Issue499_InvalidProgramException_for_Sorting_and_comparison_function());
+                t.Run(new LightExpression.UnitTests.ByRefConversionRegressionTests());
                 t.Run(new LightExpression.UnitTests.RuntimeTypeConstantRegressionTests());
                 t.Run(new LightExpression.UnitTests.ParityTests());
 
@@ -65,6 +66,7 @@ static void RunLightExpressionTests(object state)
             fecTests.Run(new Issue498_InvalidProgramException_when_using_loop());
             fecTests.Run(new Issue499_InvalidProgramException_for_Sorting_and_comparison_function());
             fecTests.Run(new ReductionProgressRegressionTests());
+            fecTests.Run(new ByRefConversionRegressionTests());
             fecTests.Run(new RuntimeTypeConstantRegressionTests());
             fecTests.Run(new ParityTests());
 
diff --git a/test/FastExpressionCompiler.TestsRunner/Program.cs b/test/FastExpressionCompiler.TestsRunner/Program.cs
index 7a867a16..5ccbec6a 100644
--- a/test/FastExpressionCompiler.TestsRunner/Program.cs
+++ b/test/FastExpressionCompiler.TestsRunner/Program.cs
@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@ public static void Main(string[] args)
                 lt.Run(new LightExpression.IssueTests.Issue476_System_ExecutionEngineException_with_nullables_on_repeated_calls_to_ConcurrentDictionary());
                 lt.Run(new LightExpression.IssueTests.Issue499_InvalidProgramException_for_Sorting_and_comparison_function());
                 lt.Run(new LightExpression.IssueTests.Issue561_NonBooleanEqualityOperator());
+                lt.Run(new LightExpression.UnitTests.ByRefConversionRegressionTests());
                 lt.Run(new LightExpression.UnitTests.RuntimeTypeConstantRegressionTests());
                 lt.Run(new LightExpression.UnitTests.ParityTests());
                 ltTime = ltStopwatch.ElapsedMilliseconds;
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ public static void Main(string[] args)
             st.Run(new Issue499_InvalidProgramException_for_Sorting_and_comparison_function());
             st.Run(new Issue561_NonBooleanEqualityOperator());
             st.Run(new ReductionProgressRegressionTests());
+            st.Run(new ByRefConversionRegressionTests());
             st.Run(new RuntimeTypeConstantRegressionTests());
             st.Run(new ParityTests());
             st.Run(new Issue498_InvalidProgramException_when_using_loop());
diff --git a/test/FastExpressionCompiler.UnitTests/ByRefConversionRegressionTests.cs b/test/FastExpressionCompiler.UnitTests/ByRefConversionRegressionTests.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2e6684cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/FastExpressionCompiler.UnitTests/ByRefConversionRegressionTests.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+using System;
+using System.Reflection;
+using SysExpr = System.Linq.Expressions.Expression;
+
+#if LIGHT_EXPRESSION
+using Expr = FastExpressionCompiler.LightExpression.Expression;
+namespace FastExpressionCompiler.LightExpression.UnitTests;
+#else
+using Expr = System.Linq.Expressions.Expression;
+namespace FastExpressionCompiler.UnitTests;
+#endif
+
+public struct ByRefConversionRegressionTests : ITestX
+{
+    public void Run(TestRun t)
+    {
+        By_ref_values_box_inside_array_initializers(t);
+        By_ref_nullable_values_box_inside_array_initializers(t);
+    }
+
+    public void By_ref_values_box_inside_array_initializers(TestContext t) => Check(t, false);
+    public void By_ref_nullable_values_box_inside_array_initializers(TestContext t) => Check(t, true);
+
+    private static void Check(TestContext t, bool nullable)
+    {
+        Type[] types = { typeof(short), typeof(int), typeof(long), typeof(float), typeof(double), typeof(decimal), typeof(Tagged) };
+        object[] values = { (short)42, 42, 42L, 42f, 42d, 42m, new Tagged { Text = "value" } };
+        for (var i = 0; i < types.Length; ++i)
+        {
+            var type = nullable ? typeof(Nullable<>).MakeGenericType(types[i]) : types[i];
+            var delegateType = typeof(Read<>).MakeGenericType(type);
+            var parameter = SysExpr.Parameter(type.MakeByRefType());
+            var system = SysExpr.Lambda(delegateType, SysExpr.NewArrayInit(typeof(object),
+                SysExpr.Convert(parameter, typeof(object)), SysExpr.Convert(parameter, typeof(object))), parameter).Compile();
+            var fastParameter = Expr.Parameter(type.MakeByRefType());
+            var fast = Expr.Lambda(delegateType, Expr.NewArrayInit(typeof(object),
+                Expr.Convert(fastParameter, typeof(object)), Expr.Convert(fastParameter, typeof(object))), fastParameter).CompileFast(true);
+            if (!t.IsNotNull(fast)) return;
+            Compare(t, system, fast, values[i]);
+            if (nullable) Compare(t, system, fast, null);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void Compare(TestContext t, Delegate system, Delegate fast, object value)
+    {
+        var expected = (object[])system.DynamicInvoke(new[] { value });
+        var actual = (object[])fast.DynamicInvoke(new[] { value });
+        t.AreEqual(expected[0], actual[0]);
+        t.AreEqual(expected[1], actual[1]);
+    }
+
+    public delegate object[] Read<T>(ref T value);
+    public struct Tagged { public string Text; }
+}