diff --git a/firebase_admin/messaging.py b/firebase_admin/messaging.py
index 93ecfda1..14f5944f 100644
--- a/firebase_admin/messaging.py
+++ b/firebase_admin/messaging.py
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ def send_each(
     recipients. Instead, FCM performs all the usual validations and emulates the send operation.
 
     Args:
-        messages: A list of ``messaging.Message`` instances.
+        messages: A non-empty list of up to 500 ``messaging.Message`` instances.
         dry_run: A boolean indicating whether to run the operation in dry run mode (optional).
         app: An App instance (optional).
 
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ async def send_each_async(
     recipients. Instead, FCM performs all the usual validations and emulates the send operation.
 
     Args:
-        messages: A list of ``messaging.Message`` instances.
+        messages: A non-empty list of up to 500 ``messaging.Message`` instances.
         dry_run: A boolean indicating whether to run the operation in dry run mode (optional).
         app: An App instance (optional).
 
@@ -203,6 +203,8 @@ def _get_messages_from_multicast(multicast_message: MulticastMessage) -> List[Me
             fid=fid
         ) for fid in multicast_message.fids])
 
+    if not messages:
+        raise ValueError('multicast_message must contain at least one token or fid.')
     return messages
 
 async def send_each_for_multicast_async(
@@ -217,7 +219,8 @@ async def send_each_for_multicast_async(
     recipients. Instead, FCM performs all the usual validations and emulates the send operation.
 
     Args:
-        multicast_message: An instance of ``messaging.MulticastMessage``.
+        multicast_message: An instance of ``messaging.MulticastMessage`` with at least one
+            token or fid.
         dry_run: A boolean indicating whether to run the operation in dry run mode (optional).
         app: An App instance (optional).
 
@@ -238,7 +241,8 @@ def send_each_for_multicast(multicast_message, dry_run=False, app=None):
     recipients. Instead, FCM performs all the usual validations and emulates the send operation.
 
     Args:
-        multicast_message: An instance of ``messaging.MulticastMessage``.
+        multicast_message: An instance of ``messaging.MulticastMessage`` with at least one
+            token or fid.
         dry_run: A boolean indicating whether to run the operation in dry run mode (optional).
         app: An App instance (optional).
 
@@ -445,6 +449,8 @@ def send_each(self, messages: List[Message], dry_run: bool = False) -> BatchResp
         """Sends the given messages to FCM via the FCM v1 API."""
         if not isinstance(messages, list):
             raise ValueError('messages must be a list of messaging.Message instances.')
+        if not messages:
+            raise ValueError('messages must not be empty.')
         if len(messages) > 500:
             raise ValueError('messages must not contain more than 500 elements.')
 
@@ -473,6 +479,8 @@ async def send_each_async(self, messages: List[Message], dry_run: bool = True) -
         """Sends the given messages to FCM via the FCM v1 API."""
         if not isinstance(messages, list):
             raise ValueError('messages must be a list of messaging.Message instances.')
+        if not messages:
+            raise ValueError('messages must not be empty.')
         if len(messages) > 500:
             raise ValueError('messages must not contain more than 500 elements.')
 
diff --git a/tests/test_messaging.py b/tests/test_messaging.py
index 749e5311..3730d9cb 100644
--- a/tests/test_messaging.py
+++ b/tests/test_messaging.py
@@ -1953,6 +1953,15 @@ def test_invalid_send_each(self, msg):
             expected = 'messages must be a list of messaging.Message instances.'
             assert str(excinfo.value) == expected
 
+    def test_send_each_empty_batch(self):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match='messages must not be empty.'):
+            messaging.send_each([])
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    async def test_send_each_async_empty_batch(self):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match='messages must not be empty.'):
+            await messaging.send_each_async([])
+
     def test_invalid_over_500(self):
         msg = messaging.Message(topic='foo')
         with pytest.raises(ValueError) as excinfo:
@@ -2273,6 +2282,23 @@ def test_invalid_send_each_for_multicast(self, msg):
         expected = 'Message must be an instance of messaging.MulticastMessage class.'
         assert str(excinfo.value) == expected
 
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('recipients', [{'tokens': []}, {'fids': []},
+                                            {'tokens': [], 'fids': []}])
+    def test_send_each_for_multicast_empty_batch(self, recipients):
+        msg = messaging.MulticastMessage(**recipients)
+        with pytest.raises(
+                ValueError, match='multicast_message must contain at least one token or fid.'):
+            messaging.send_each_for_multicast(msg)
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('recipients', [{'tokens': []}, {'fids': []},
+                                            {'tokens': [], 'fids': []}])
+    async def test_send_each_for_multicast_async_empty_batch(self, recipients):
+        msg = messaging.MulticastMessage(**recipients)
+        with pytest.raises(
+                ValueError, match='multicast_message must contain at least one token or fid.'):
+            await messaging.send_each_for_multicast_async(msg)
+
     def test_send_each_for_multicast(self):
         payload1 = json.dumps({'name': 'message-id1'})
         payload2 = json.dumps({'name': 'message-id2'})