diff --git a/.github/workflows/pixi.lock b/.github/workflows/pixi.lock
index 6d9754a3a..49fb18134 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/pixi.lock
+++ b/.github/workflows/pixi.lock
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-  timestamp: 1787617542232
-- conda: https://prefix.dev/conda-forge/noarch/libstdcxx-devel_linux-aarch64-15.3.0-h0e8df58_104.conda
-  sha256: 648173a13da532b6599844d49243d40ba9baec655f7ddc5016cc567c89080a87
-  md5: 248aa5cadf9dc07c7c893b3acde3da1b
+  size: 2346429
+  timestamp: 1790302128084
+- conda: https://prefix.dev/conda-forge/noarch/libstdcxx-devel_linux-aarch64-15.3.0-h0e8df58_107.conda
+  sha256: 7c821bf495207ca0157b38a9d2c935356ed8dba096ffacd6676adb76c759b89c
+  md5: 709858d98ee8e0e91c4efddc6d02887f
   depends:
   - __unix
   license: GPL-3.0-only WITH GCC-exception-3.1
+  license_family: GPL
   run_exports: {}
-  size: 17560431
-  timestamp: 1787617560373
+  size: 17521094
+  timestamp: 1790302146011
 - conda: https://prefix.dev/conda-forge/noarch/meson-1.12.0-pyhcf101f3_0.conda
   sha256: 6c158a48c43f0b2e03dd26521fe940991285fd149773aaeb5ead843b2bda92ca
   md5: 73afbaae293a0d6feed3a5559b6d4359
diff --git a/.github/workflows/pixi.toml b/.github/workflows/pixi.toml
index 29aa24f0b..833abfffd 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/pixi.toml
+++ b/.github/workflows/pixi.toml
@@ -19,8 +19,7 @@ ninja = "*"
 pkg-config = "*"
 cmake = "*"
 patchelf = "*"
-c-compiler = "*"
-cxx-compiler = "*"
+geos = "*"
 pip = "*"
 python-build = "*"
 cython = "*"
@@ -28,5 +27,13 @@ pytest = "*"
 pytest-mock = "*"
 wheel = "*"
 
+[feature.compilers.dependencies]
+c-compiler = "*"
+cxx-compiler = "*"
+
+[environments]
+default = { features = ["compilers"], solve-group = "test" }
+system-compilers = { features = [], solve-group = "test" }
+
 [tasks]
 test = { cmd = "pytest", cwd = "../.." }
diff --git a/.github/workflows/tests.yml b/.github/workflows/tests.yml
index 10c492ca7..339bf30a2 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/tests.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/tests.yml
@@ -336,7 +336,16 @@ jobs:
         run: mypy -p mesonpy
 
   pixi:
+    name: ${{ matrix.name }}
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04-arm
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: pixi
+            environment: default
+          - name: pixi-system-compilers
+            environment: system-compilers
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v7
@@ -347,11 +356,12 @@ jobs:
         with:
           pixi-version: v0.77.1
           manifest-path: .github/workflows/pixi.toml
+          environments: ${{ matrix.environment }}
           cache: false
 
       - name: Run tests
         working-directory: .github/workflows
-        run: pixi run test
+        run: pixi run --environment ${{ matrix.environment }} test
 
   uv-sync:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
diff --git a/mesonpy/__init__.py b/mesonpy/__init__.py
index 928d8acb0..0eb8b1211 100644
--- a/mesonpy/__init__.py
+++ b/mesonpy/__init__.py
@@ -143,12 +143,15 @@ class _Entry(typing.NamedTuple):
 
 
 def _map_to_wheel(sources: Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]],
-                  exclude: List[str], include: List[str]) -> DefaultDict[str, List[_Entry]]:
+                  exclude: List[str], include: List[str],
+                  build_dir: str) -> DefaultDict[str, List[_Entry]]:
     """Map files to the wheel, organized by wheel installation directory."""
     wheel_files: DefaultDict[str, List[_Entry]] = collections.defaultdict(list)
     packages: Dict[str, str] = {}
     excluded = _compile_patterns(exclude)
     included = _compile_patterns(include)
+    build_dir = os.path.normpath(build_dir)
+    assert os.path.isabs(build_dir)
 
     for key, group in sources.items():
         for src, target in group.items():
@@ -206,6 +209,25 @@ def _map_to_wheel(sources: Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]],
                 if sys.platform == 'darwin':
                     install_rpath = [_translate_rpath(path, dst) for path in install_rpath]
 
+                # ``build_rpath`` lists the RPATH entries to remove from the
+                # binary.  Meson automatically adds RPATH entries for shared
+                # libraries built as part of the project, using relative paths
+                # anchored at ``$ORIGIN`` or ``@loader_path``, and for shared
+                # libraries from dependencies installed in non-standard
+                # locations, using absolute paths.  Installed binaries need
+                # the absolute paths to find their external dependencies, so
+                # we drop them from the list.  The relative paths are only
+                # meaningful inside the build tree, so we leave them in the
+                # list to be removed.  Additional entries can be added with
+                # the ``build_rpath`` argument passed to Meson functions.  The
+                # most common use case for these is to point at directories
+                # inside the build directory.  These may be absolute paths,
+                # but they are irrelevant for installed binaries, so we leave
+                # them too in the list to be removed.
+                build_rpath = [path for path in build_rpath
+                               if not path.startswith('/')
+                               or os.path.commonpath((os.path.normpath(path), build_dir)) == build_dir]
+
                 wheel_files[path].append(_Entry(dst, src, install_rpath, build_rpath))
 
     return wheel_files
@@ -1015,7 +1037,7 @@ def _manifest(self) -> DefaultDict[str, List[_Entry]]:
                 sources[key][target] = details
 
         # Map Meson installation locations to wheel paths.
-        return _map_to_wheel(sources, self._excluded_files, self._included_files)
+        return _map_to_wheel(sources, self._excluded_files, self._included_files, str(self._build_dir))
 
     @property
     def _meson_name(self) -> str:
diff --git a/tests/packages/link-against-external-lib/external.c b/tests/packages/link-against-external-lib/external.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2f9516e99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/packages/link-against-external-lib/external.c
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 The meson-python developers
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+#include <Python.h>
+#include <geos_c.h>
+
+static PyObject *version(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
+    return PyUnicode_FromString(GEOSversion());
+}
+
+static PyMethodDef methods[] = {
+    {"version", version, METH_NOARGS, NULL},
+    {NULL, NULL, 0, NULL},
+};
+
+static struct PyModuleDef module = {
+    PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT, "external", NULL, -1, methods,
+};
+
+PyMODINIT_FUNC PyInit_external(void) {
+    return PyModule_Create(&module);
+}
diff --git a/tests/packages/link-against-external-lib/meson.build b/tests/packages/link-against-external-lib/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..baee3d8fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/packages/link-against-external-lib/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 The meson-python developers
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+project('link-against-external-lib', 'c', version: '1.0.0')
+
+py = import('python').find_installation(pure: false)
+
+external = dependency('geos', method: 'pkg-config')
+
+py.extension_module(
+    'external',
+    'external.c',
+    dependencies: external,
+    install: true
+)
diff --git a/tests/packages/link-against-external-lib/pyproject.toml b/tests/packages/link-against-external-lib/pyproject.toml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..435419311
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/packages/link-against-external-lib/pyproject.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 The meson-python developers
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+[build-system]
+build-backend = 'mesonpy'
+requires = ['meson-python']
diff --git a/tests/packages/purelib-and-platlib/meson.build b/tests/packages/purelib-and-platlib/meson.build
index 5451c9431..5ccfbf725 100644
--- a/tests/packages/purelib-and-platlib/meson.build
+++ b/tests/packages/purelib-and-platlib/meson.build
@@ -16,4 +16,5 @@ py.extension_module(
     'plat.c',
     install: true,
     install_tag: 'platlib',
+    build_rpath: ':'.join(['/usr/local/lib', meson.current_build_dir() / 'private']),
 )
diff --git a/tests/test_wheel.py b/tests/test_wheel.py
index 3fdb14942..67733521b 100644
--- a/tests/test_wheel.py
+++ b/tests/test_wheel.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 import re
 import shutil
 import stat
+import subprocess
 import sys
 import textwrap
 
@@ -260,6 +261,22 @@ def check(rpath, *expected):
     check(rpath, 'custom-rpath', f'{origin}/../.link_against_local_lib.mesonpy.libs')
 
 
+@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.platform in {'win32', 'cygwin'}, reason='requires RPATH support')
+@pytest.mark.skipif(shutil.which('pkg-config') is None, reason='requires pkg-config')
+def test_link_against_external_lib_rpath(package_link_against_external_lib, tmp_path, venv):
+    if subprocess.run(['pkg-config', '--exists', 'geos']).returncode:
+        pytest.skip('requires GEOS')
+    version = subprocess.check_output(['pkg-config', '--modversion', 'geos'], text=True).strip()
+
+    # Use an installed dependency without supplying an explicit RPATH.
+    # Check its version too, to detect fallback to a different system copy.
+    filename = mesonpy.build_wheel(tmp_path)
+    venv.pip('install', tmp_path / filename)
+    output = venv.python('-c', 'import external; print(external.version())')
+    # GEOSversion() appends the C API version after "-CAPI-".
+    assert output.strip().split('-CAPI-')[0] == version
+
+
 @pytest.mark.skipif(sys.platform in {'win32', 'cygwin'}, reason='requires RPATH support')
 def test_link_against_local_lib_rpath_ldflags(package_link_against_local_lib, tmp_path, monkeypatch):
     origin = '@loader_path' if sys.platform == 'darwin' else '$ORIGIN'
@@ -282,8 +299,10 @@ def test_unneeded_rpath(wheel_purelib_and_platlib, tmp_path):
 
     origin = '@loader_path' if sys.platform == 'darwin' else '$ORIGIN'
     rpath = mesonpy._rpath.get_rpath(tmp_path / f'plat{EXT_SUFFIX}')
-    for path in rpath:
-        assert origin not in path
+
+    assert not any(path.startswith(origin) for path in rpath)
+    assert '/usr/local/lib' in rpath or not not BUILD_RPATH_SUPPORT
+    assert not any(path.endswith('private') for path in rpath) or not BUILD_RPATH_SUPPORT
 
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(sys.platform in {'win32', 'cygwin'}, reason='requires RPATH support')