diff --git a/.changelog/5650.fixed b/.changelog/5650.fixed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..085e6f1b66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changelog/5650.fixed
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+`opentelemetry-sdk`: add validation for export_timeout_millis <= 0 in BatchSpanProcessor
diff --git a/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/_logs/_internal/export/__init__.py b/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/_logs/_internal/export/__init__.py
index ea02d8e1fe..f8c466ddf5 100644
--- a/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/_logs/_internal/export/__init__.py
+++ b/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/_logs/_internal/export/__init__.py
@@ -284,7 +284,12 @@ def __init__(
         if export_timeout_millis is None:
             export_timeout_millis = BatchLogRecordProcessor._default_export_timeout_millis()
 
-        BatchLogRecordProcessor._validate_arguments(max_queue_size, schedule_delay_millis, max_export_batch_size)
+        BatchLogRecordProcessor._validate_arguments(
+            max_queue_size,
+            schedule_delay_millis,
+            max_export_batch_size,
+            export_timeout_millis,
+        )
         # Initializes BatchProcessor
         self._batch_processor = BatchProcessor(
             exporter,
@@ -379,7 +384,12 @@ def _default_export_timeout_millis():
             return _DEFAULT_EXPORT_TIMEOUT_MILLIS
 
     @staticmethod
-    def _validate_arguments(max_queue_size, schedule_delay_millis, max_export_batch_size):
+    def _validate_arguments(
+        max_queue_size,
+        schedule_delay_millis,
+        max_export_batch_size,
+        export_timeout_millis=None,
+    ):
         if max_queue_size <= 0:
             raise ValueError("max_queue_size must be a positive integer.")
 
@@ -391,3 +401,6 @@ def _validate_arguments(max_queue_size, schedule_delay_millis, max_export_batch_
 
         if max_export_batch_size > max_queue_size:
             raise ValueError("max_export_batch_size must be less than or equal to max_queue_size.")
+
+        if export_timeout_millis is not None and export_timeout_millis <= 0:
+            raise ValueError("export_timeout_millis must be positive.")
diff --git a/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/trace/export/__init__.py b/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/trace/export/__init__.py
index 19a6902bfa..8aad6bbfee 100644
--- a/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/trace/export/__init__.py
+++ b/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/trace/export/__init__.py
@@ -180,7 +180,12 @@ def __init__(
         if export_timeout_millis is None:
             export_timeout_millis = BatchSpanProcessor._default_export_timeout_millis()
 
-        BatchSpanProcessor._validate_arguments(max_queue_size, schedule_delay_millis, max_export_batch_size)
+        BatchSpanProcessor._validate_arguments(
+            max_queue_size,
+            schedule_delay_millis,
+            max_export_batch_size,
+            export_timeout_millis,
+        )
 
         self._batch_processor = BatchProcessor(
             span_exporter,
@@ -274,7 +279,12 @@ def _default_export_timeout_millis():
             return _DEFAULT_EXPORT_TIMEOUT_MILLIS
 
     @staticmethod
-    def _validate_arguments(max_queue_size, schedule_delay_millis, max_export_batch_size):
+    def _validate_arguments(
+        max_queue_size,
+        schedule_delay_millis,
+        max_export_batch_size,
+        export_timeout_millis=None,
+    ):
         if max_queue_size <= 0:
             raise ValueError("max_queue_size must be a positive integer.")
 
@@ -287,6 +297,9 @@ def _validate_arguments(max_queue_size, schedule_delay_millis, max_export_batch_
         if max_export_batch_size > max_queue_size:
             raise ValueError("max_export_batch_size must be less than or equal to max_queue_size.")
 
+        if export_timeout_millis is not None and export_timeout_millis <= 0:
+            raise ValueError("export_timeout_millis must be positive.")
+
 
 class ConsoleSpanExporter(SpanExporter):
     """Implementation of :class:`SpanExporter` that prints spans to the
diff --git a/opentelemetry-sdk/tests/logs/test_export.py b/opentelemetry-sdk/tests/logs/test_export.py
index 3cfa825d34..f39a8606f9 100644
--- a/opentelemetry-sdk/tests/logs/test_export.py
+++ b/opentelemetry-sdk/tests/logs/test_export.py
@@ -473,6 +473,12 @@ def test_metrics_already_shutdown(self):
 # before the end of the test, otherwise the worker thread will continue
 # to run after the end of the test.
 class TestBatchLogRecordProcessor(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_invalid_export_timeout_millis(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            BatchLogRecordProcessor(InMemoryLogRecordExporter(), export_timeout_millis=0)
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            BatchLogRecordProcessor(InMemoryLogRecordExporter(), export_timeout_millis=-500)
+
     def test_emit_call_log_record(self):
         exporter = InMemoryLogRecordExporter()
         log_record_processor = Mock(wraps=BatchLogRecordProcessor(exporter))
diff --git a/opentelemetry-sdk/tests/trace/export/test_export.py b/opentelemetry-sdk/tests/trace/export/test_export.py
index c5623dc8e5..e796facd33 100644
--- a/opentelemetry-sdk/tests/trace/export/test_export.py
+++ b/opentelemetry-sdk/tests/trace/export/test_export.py
@@ -241,6 +241,12 @@ def test_args_env_var(self):
         self.assertEqual(batch_span_processor._batch_processor._export_timeout_millis, 4)
         batch_span_processor.shutdown()
 
+    def test_invalid_export_timeout_millis(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            export.BatchSpanProcessor(MySpanExporter(destination=[]), export_timeout_millis=0)
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            export.BatchSpanProcessor(MySpanExporter(destination=[]), export_timeout_millis=-500)
+
     def test_args_env_var_defaults(self):
         batch_span_processor = export.BatchSpanProcessor(MySpanExporter(destination=[]))