diff --git a/Lib/test/test_syntax.py b/Lib/test/test_syntax.py
index b035883cf883b93..9accbd0c07d7989 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_syntax.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_syntax.py
@@ -2244,6 +2244,7 @@ def f(x: *b)
 import unittest
 
 from test import support
+from test.support.script_helper import assert_python_ok
 
 class SyntaxTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
@@ -2496,6 +2497,22 @@ class A:
     class B[{name}]: pass
                 """, "<testcase>", mode="exec")
 
+    @support.nomemtest
+    def test_disallowed_type_param_names_oom(self):
+        # gh-152682: Don't crash on OOM when formatting the SyntaxError message
+        # in symtable_visit_type_param_bound_or_default.
+        code = textwrap.dedent("""\
+            import _testcapi
+            _testcapi.set_nomemory(0)
+            try:
+                compile("class A[__classdict__]: pass", "<string>", "exec")
+            except MemoryError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                raise RuntimeError('MemoryError not raised')
+        """)
+        assert_python_ok("-c", code)
+
     @support.cpython_only
     def test_nested_named_except_blocks(self):
         code = ""
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2026-06-30-14-00-00.gh-issue-152682.yId7e5.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2026-06-30-14-00-00.gh-issue-152682.yId7e5.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000000..aba0b594382bcf8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2026-06-30-14-00-00.gh-issue-152682.yId7e5.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Fix NULL pointer dereference in :func:`compile` when a reserved name (e.g.
+``__classdict__``) is used as a type parameter name and memory allocation
+fails while formatting the error message.
diff --git a/Python/symtable.c b/Python/symtable.c
index f60af2b6955d71c..ece994cf0910cbc 100644
--- a/Python/symtable.c
+++ b/Python/symtable.c
@@ -2318,6 +2318,9 @@ symtable_visit_type_param_bound_or_default(
 
         PyObject *error_msg = PyUnicode_FromFormat("reserved name '%U' cannot be "
                                                    "used for type parameter", name);
+        if (error_msg == NULL) {
+            return 0;
+        }
         PyErr_SetObject(PyExc_SyntaxError, error_msg);
         Py_DECREF(error_msg);
         PyErr_RangedSyntaxLocationObject(st->st_filename,