diff --git a/Lib/test/test_compile.py b/Lib/test/test_compile.py
index 8b6a07be477dcc..d5be1539df112c 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_compile.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_compile.py
@@ -59,6 +59,27 @@ def test_assemble_init_allocation_failure(self):
         """)
         script_helper.assert_python_ok('-c', code)
 
+    @support.requires_subprocess()
+    @support.nomemtest
+    def test_push_cold_blocks_to_end_allocation_failure(self):
+        code = textwrap.dedent("""
+            from test import support
+
+            source = "async def f():\\n    await x\\n"
+            for n in range(1, 1000):
+                with support.inject_memory_error_cm(n, n + 1):
+                    try:
+                        compile(source, "<test>", "exec")
+                    except MemoryError:
+                        continue
+                break
+            else:
+                raise AssertionError("compile() never succeeded")
+            if n == 1:
+                raise AssertionError("no MemoryError raised")
+        """)
+        script_helper.assert_python_ok('-c', code)
+
     def test_other_newlines(self):
         compile("\r\n", "<test>", "exec")
         compile("\r", "<test>", "exec")
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2026-10-09-18-27-12.gh-issue-159054.YUCTvG.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2026-10-09-18-27-12.gh-issue-159054.YUCTvG.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..eaa01aa05435a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2026-10-09-18-27-12.gh-issue-159054.YUCTvG.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Fixed a crash when an allocation failure occurred while compiling code
+containing cold blocks.
diff --git a/Python/flowgraph.c b/Python/flowgraph.c
index a5138d1a1fa284..ba6e0b12a33aab 100644
--- a/Python/flowgraph.c
+++ b/Python/flowgraph.c
@@ -3546,8 +3546,9 @@ push_cold_blocks_to_end(cfg_builder *g) {
             if (!IS_LABEL(b->b_next->b_label)) {
                 b->b_next->b_label.id = next_lbl++;
             }
-            basicblock_addop(explicit_jump, JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT, b->b_next->b_label.id,
-                             NO_LOCATION);
+            RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+                basicblock_addop(explicit_jump, JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT,
+                                 b->b_next->b_label.id, NO_LOCATION));
             explicit_jump->b_cold = 1;
             explicit_jump->b_next = b->b_next;
             explicit_jump->b_predecessors = 1;