diff --git a/rules-tests/CodeQuality/Rector/MethodCall/WillReturnCallbackFallbackToReturnFalseRector/Fixture/skip_never_return_call_after_bool_returns.php.inc b/rules-tests/CodeQuality/Rector/MethodCall/WillReturnCallbackFallbackToReturnFalseRector/Fixture/skip_never_return_call_after_bool_returns.php.inc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..11e2138f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rules-tests/CodeQuality/Rector/MethodCall/WillReturnCallbackFallbackToReturnFalseRector/Fixture/skip_never_return_call_after_bool_returns.php.inc
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Rector\PHPUnit\Tests\CodeQuality\Rector\MethodCall\WillReturnCallbackFallbackToReturnFalseRector\Fixture;
+
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+
+final class SkipNeverReturnCallAfterBoolReturns extends TestCase
+{
+    public function test()
+    {
+        $matcher = $this->exactly(2);
+
+        $eventMock = $this->createMock(\stdClass::class);
+        $eventMock->expects($matcher)->method('checkContext')->willReturnCallback(function (string $id) use ($matcher) {
+            if ($id === 'service') {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            if ($id === 'other') {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            self::fail('Unknown ID requested: ' . $id);
+        });
+    }
+}
diff --git a/rules-tests/CodeQuality/Rector/MethodCall/WillReturnCallbackFallbackToReturnFalseRector/Fixture/skip_throw_after_bool_returns.php.inc b/rules-tests/CodeQuality/Rector/MethodCall/WillReturnCallbackFallbackToReturnFalseRector/Fixture/skip_throw_after_bool_returns.php.inc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..693507a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rules-tests/CodeQuality/Rector/MethodCall/WillReturnCallbackFallbackToReturnFalseRector/Fixture/skip_throw_after_bool_returns.php.inc
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Rector\PHPUnit\Tests\CodeQuality\Rector\MethodCall\WillReturnCallbackFallbackToReturnFalseRector\Fixture;
+
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+
+final class SkipThrowAfterBoolReturns extends TestCase
+{
+    public function test()
+    {
+        $matcher = $this->exactly(2);
+
+        $eventMock = $this->createMock(\stdClass::class);
+        $eventMock->expects($matcher)->method('checkContext')->willReturnCallback(function (string $id) use ($matcher) {
+            if ($id === 'service') {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            if ($id === 'other') {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            throw new \Exception();
+        });
+    }
+}
diff --git a/rules/CodeQuality/Rector/MethodCall/WillReturnCallbackFallbackToReturnFalseRector.php b/rules/CodeQuality/Rector/MethodCall/WillReturnCallbackFallbackToReturnFalseRector.php
index 6b444601..1bb6c3f1 100644
--- a/rules/CodeQuality/Rector/MethodCall/WillReturnCallbackFallbackToReturnFalseRector.php
+++ b/rules/CodeQuality/Rector/MethodCall/WillReturnCallbackFallbackToReturnFalseRector.php
@@ -5,11 +5,16 @@
 namespace Rector\PHPUnit\CodeQuality\Rector\MethodCall;
 
 use PhpParser\Node;
+use PhpParser\Node\Expr;
 use PhpParser\Node\Expr\Closure;
 use PhpParser\Node\Expr\ConstFetch;
 use PhpParser\Node\Expr\MethodCall;
+use PhpParser\Node\Expr\Throw_;
+use PhpParser\Node\Stmt;
+use PhpParser\Node\Stmt\Expression;
 use PhpParser\Node\Stmt\Nop;
 use PhpParser\Node\Stmt\Return_;
+use PHPStan\Type\NeverType;
 use Rector\PhpParser\Node\BetterNodeFinder;
 use Rector\PHPUnit\NodeAnalyzer\TestsNodeAnalyzer;
 use Rector\Rector\AbstractRector;
@@ -132,6 +137,12 @@ public function refactor(Node $node): ?MethodCall
             return null;
         }
 
+        // a closure that always throws or ends in a never-returning call
+        // cannot fall through, so no "return false" fallback is needed
+        if ($lastStmt instanceof Stmt && $this->isTerminated($lastStmt)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
         if (! $this->hasOnlyBoolReturns($closure)) {
             return null;
         }
@@ -141,6 +152,23 @@ public function refactor(Node $node): ?MethodCall
         return $node;
     }
 
+    private function isTerminated(Stmt $stmt): bool
+    {
+        if ($stmt instanceof Expression) {
+            $stmt = $stmt->expr;
+        }
+
+        if ($stmt instanceof Throw_) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (! $stmt instanceof Expr) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return $this->nodeTypeResolver->getNativeType($stmt) instanceof NeverType;
+    }
+
     private function hasOnlyBoolReturns(Closure $closure): bool
     {
         /** @var Return_[] $returns */