Parser: fix exponential parse time on expression-named function arguments

sqlparser_bench/benches/sqlparser_bench.rs

@@ -273,6 +273,30 @@ fn parse_table_factor_paren_chain(c: &mut Criterion) {
     group.finish();
 }
 
+/// Benchmark parsing pathological `CAST(CASE (CAST(CASE (...` chains that
+/// previously caused 2^N work in `parse_function_args` on dialects with
+/// expression-named function arguments (the argument expression was parsed
+/// once to detect the named form, then re-parsed on the unnamed path).
+fn parse_function_arg_call_chain(c: &mut Criterion) {
+    let mut group = c.benchmark_group("parse_function_arg_call_chain");
+    let dialect = PostgreSqlDialect {};
+
+    for &n in &[10usize, 20, 30] {
+        let sql = String::from("SELECT ") + &"CAST(CASE (".repeat(n) + &")".repeat(n);
+
+        group.bench_function(format!("chain_{n}"), |b| {
+            b.iter(|| {
+                let _ = Parser::new(&dialect)
+                    .with_recursion_limit(256)
+                    .try_with_sql(std::hint::black_box(&sql))
+                    .and_then(|mut p| p.parse_statements());
+            });
+        });
+    }
+
+    group.finish();
+}
+
 criterion_group!(
     benches,
     basic_queries,
@@ -282,6 +306,7 @@ criterion_group!(
     parse_compound_keyword_chain,
     parse_prefix_keyword_call_chain,
     parse_prefix_case_chain,
-    parse_table_factor_paren_chain
+    parse_table_factor_paren_chain,
+    parse_function_arg_call_chain
 );
 criterion_main!(benches);

src/parser/mod.rs

@@ -18676,37 +18676,59 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
 
     /// Parse a single function argument, handling named and unnamed variants.
     pub fn parse_function_args(&mut self) -> Result<FunctionArg, ParserError> {
-        let arg = if self.dialect.supports_named_fn_args_with_expr_name() {
-            self.maybe_parse(|p| {
-                let name = p.parse_expr()?;
-                let operator = p.parse_function_named_arg_operator()?;
-                let arg = p.parse_wildcard_expr()?.into();
-                Ok(FunctionArg::ExprNamed {
-                    name,
-                    arg,
-                    operator,
-                })
-            })?
-        } else {
-            self.maybe_parse(|p| {
-                let name = p.parse_identifier()?;
-                let operator = p.parse_function_named_arg_operator()?;
-                let arg = p.parse_wildcard_expr()?.into();
-                Ok(FunctionArg::Named {
-                    name,
-                    arg,
-                    operator,
-                })
-            })?
-        };
+        // Parse the argument expression once, then check for a named-arg
+        // operator. Parsing it speculatively and re-parsing on the unnamed
+        // path is O(2^depth) on nested calls like `CAST(CASE (CAST(CASE (…`.
+        if self.dialect.supports_named_fn_args_with_expr_name() {
+            let expr = self.parse_wildcard_expr()?;
+            // A wildcard is never a named-arg name; only the unnamed form applies.
+            if !matches!(expr, Expr::Wildcard(_) | Expr::QualifiedWildcard(..)) {
+                if let Some(operator) =
+                    self.maybe_parse(|p| p.parse_function_named_arg_operator())?
+                {
+                    let arg = self.parse_wildcard_expr()?.into();
+                    return Ok(FunctionArg::ExprNamed {
+                        name: expr,
+                        arg,
+                        operator,
+                    });
+                }
+            }
+            let arg_expr = self.function_arg_expr_from_wildcard(expr)?;
+            return Ok(FunctionArg::Unnamed(
+                self.maybe_parse_aliased_function_arg(arg_expr)?,
+            ));
+        }
+
+        let arg = self.maybe_parse(|p| {
+            let name = p.parse_identifier()?;
+            let operator = p.parse_function_named_arg_operator()?;
+            let arg = p.parse_wildcard_expr()?.into();
+            Ok(FunctionArg::Named {
+                name,
+                arg,
+                operator,
+            })
+        })?;
         if let Some(arg) = arg {
             return Ok(arg);
         }
         let wildcard_expr = self.parse_wildcard_expr()?;
-        let arg_expr: FunctionArgExpr = match wildcard_expr {
+        let arg_expr = self.function_arg_expr_from_wildcard(wildcard_expr)?;
+        Ok(FunctionArg::Unnamed(
+            self.maybe_parse_aliased_function_arg(arg_expr)?,
+        ))
+    }
+
+    /// Wrap an already-parsed expression as a function argument, parsing any
+    /// trailing wildcard options (e.g. Snowflake's `HASH(* EXCLUDE(col))`).
+    fn function_arg_expr_from_wildcard(
+        &mut self,
+        wildcard_expr: Expr,
+    ) -> Result<FunctionArgExpr, ParserError> {
+        Ok(match wildcard_expr {
             Expr::Wildcard(ref token) if self.dialect.supports_select_wildcard_exclude() => {
-                // Support `* EXCLUDE(col1, col2, ...)` inside function calls (e.g. Snowflake's
-                // `HASH(* EXCLUDE(col))`).  Parse the options the same way SELECT items do.
+                // Parse the options the same way SELECT items do.
                 let opts = self.parse_wildcard_additional_options(token.0.clone())?;
                 if opts.opt_exclude.is_some()
                     || opts.opt_except.is_some()
@@ -18720,9 +18742,16 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                 }
             }
             other => other.into(),
-        };
-        // Aliased argument, e.g. `XMLFOREST(a AS x)` in PostgreSQL
-        let arg_expr = match arg_expr {
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Parse an optional `AS <alias>` on an unnamed function argument
+    /// (e.g. `XMLFOREST(a AS x)` in PostgreSQL).
+    fn maybe_parse_aliased_function_arg(
+        &mut self,
+        arg_expr: FunctionArgExpr,
+    ) -> Result<FunctionArgExpr, ParserError> {
+        Ok(match arg_expr {
             FunctionArgExpr::Expr(expr)
                 if self.dialect.supports_aliased_function_args()
                     && self.parse_keyword(Keyword::AS) =>
@@ -18733,8 +18762,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                 })
             }
             other => other,
-        };
-        Ok(FunctionArg::Unnamed(arg_expr))
+        })
     }
 
     fn parse_function_named_arg_operator(&mut self) -> Result<FunctionArgOperator, ParserError> {

tests/sqlparser_common.rs

@@ -15609,11 +15609,10 @@ fn parse_create_table_select() {
 
 #[test]
 fn test_reserved_keywords_for_identifiers() {
-    let dialects = all_dialects_where(|d| {
-        d.is_reserved_for_identifier(Keyword::INTERVAL)
-            && !d.supports_named_fn_args_with_expr_name()
-    });
-    // Dialects that reserve the word INTERVAL will not allow it as an unquoted identifier
+    // Dialects that reserve INTERVAL will not allow it as an unquoted
+    // identifier, and report the failure consistently at the token that fails
+    // to start an expression (`)`), independent of named-argument support.
+    let dialects = all_dialects_where(|d| d.is_reserved_for_identifier(Keyword::INTERVAL));
     let sql = "SELECT MAX(interval) FROM tbl";
     assert_eq!(
         dialects.parse_sql_statements(sql),
@@ -15622,19 +15621,6 @@ fn test_reserved_keywords_for_identifiers() {
         ))
     );
 
-    // Dialects with expression-named function arguments parse the argument
-    // expression twice, so the second attempt reports the memoized failure
-    // at the start of the expression
-    let dialects = all_dialects_where(|d| {
-        d.is_reserved_for_identifier(Keyword::INTERVAL) && d.supports_named_fn_args_with_expr_name()
-    });
-    assert_eq!(
-        dialects.parse_sql_statements(sql),
-        Err(ParserError::ParserError(
-            "Expected: an expression, found: interval".to_string()
-        ))
-    );
-
     // Dialects that do not reserve the word INTERVAL will allow it
     let dialects = all_dialects_where(|d| !d.is_reserved_for_identifier(Keyword::INTERVAL));
     let sql = "SELECT MAX(interval) FROM tbl";
@@ -19572,3 +19558,29 @@ fn parse_unlogged_table_logging_controls_in_all_dialects() {
         _ => unreachable!("Expected ALTER TABLE"),
     }
 }
+
+/// Regression test for the 2^N parse-time blowup in `parse_function_args` on
+/// inputs like `CAST(CASE (CAST(CASE (...`. On dialects with expression-named
+/// function arguments (e.g. PostgreSQL), the named-arg arm parsed the whole
+/// argument expression and then re-parsed it on the unnamed path, doubling
+/// work per level. Post-fix the leading expression is parsed exactly once.
+#[test]
+fn parse_function_arg_call_chain_no_exponential_blowup() {
+    use std::sync::mpsc;
+    use std::thread;
+    use std::time::Duration;
+
+    let sql = String::from("SELECT ") + &"CAST(CASE (".repeat(30) + &")".repeat(30);
+
+    let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();
+    thread::spawn(move || {
+        let _ = Parser::new(&PostgreSqlDialect {})
+            .with_recursion_limit(256)
+            .try_with_sql(&sql)
+            .and_then(|mut p| p.parse_statements());
+        let _ = tx.send(());
+    });
+
+    rx.recv_timeout(Duration::from_secs(5))
+        .expect("parser should reject this quickly, not loop exponentially");
+}