fix(config)!: refuse an invalid assignment to the loaded settings and write nothing (LAB-8739) by 27Bslash6 · Pull Request #567 · cachekit-io/cachekit-py

27Bslash6 · 2026-10-09T23:22:37Z

An assignment to the loaded settings now runs the same rules as loading them, and a refused one leaves the settings exactly as they were. Before this, get_settings().previous_master_keys = [<current key>], a fourth previous key, or a malformed one was accepted without any check, so the in-process settings could hold a keyring that loading them would have refused.

This PR validates assignments; it does not reload keyrings. An encryption wrapper that is already built keeps the keyring it built. A settings change reaches only wrappers built after it, and changing the environment and restarting the process still applies a key change everywhere.

What changed

CachekitConfig sets validate_assignment=True and overrides __setattr__. validate_assignment alone is not enough: pydantic writes the new value before the model validator runs, so a refused keyring assignment would stay on the instance. The guard validates the assignment on a copy and writes to the live settings only if the copy passes, so no refused value is ever readable there, even briefly.
The guard commits the state the copy validated by swapping it in, as pydantic itself commits, with no second validation. The swap carries every slot pydantic keeps instance state in, so private state a subclass's model validator derives on the copy, and an extra="allow" subclass's undeclared names, are committed with it. A generator or other one-shot iterable therefore lands whole, and a validator that is not idempotent runs once.
A subclass property setter runs once, on the live settings, inside the same redaction boundary, and each field it assigns comes back through the guard.
Only private attributes skip the guard's copy, as there is nothing to validate. They still take its lock, and so does every delete: the guard commits by swapping in the copy's whole state, so a private write or a delete from another thread between the copy and the swap would otherwise be undone. Any other name, a mistyped field included, is refused inside the redaction path.
A reentrant lock serialises assignments, so two that are each valid alone (a new master_key, and that key added to previous_master_keys) cannot land together unchecked. The lock is reentrant so that a subclass validator that sets a private attribute, or a property setter that assigns a field, does not deadlock.
The refusal is a redacted ValidationError, the same as at load. The guard re-raises it through the existing redaction helper and drops the assigned value from its frame in a finally, as the other entry points do.
Breaking: previous_master_keys is now a tuple[SecretStr, ...], not a list. An in-place edit (.append()) ran no validator, so it could put the current key among the previous keys. Every change now has to be an assignment. Code that compared the field to [] must compare to (), and code that edited it in place gets AttributeError.
A valid assignment still works and is now validated, so a plain hex string assigned to master_key is stored as a SecretStr.
frozen=True was the alternative. It was not chosen: it refuses valid assignments too, and its error carries the raw input in errors().

Tests

TestSettingsAssignment (test_key_rotation_keyring.py) covers six refused assignments, each of which leaves the field as it was:
- the current key in the previous keys, in the same and in the opposite hex case;
- a current key already among the previous keys;
- a fourth previous key;
- a non-hex previous key;
- a short previous key.
A spy in the repeat check shows the live settings still hold the old values while the model validator runs. A valid assignment lands as a validated SecretStr.
More TestSettingsAssignment cases:
- One-shot iterables (a generator and a map) land whole.
- An iterable that yields a different keyring on a second pass cannot reach the live settings.
- An in-place .append() raises AttributeError.
- A validator that is not idempotent runs once. A property setter that is not idempotent applies once, a write-only property can be assigned, and what the setter writes to a private attribute lands on the live settings. Private state a model validator derives lands too, as does an undeclared name assigned on an extra="allow" subclass, and a key refused through a property setter leaves no frame holding it.
- Neither a subclass validator that sets a private attribute nor a subclass property setter that assigns a field deadlocks. Each runs on a fresh lock of the guard's kind, so a regression fails instead of hanging the suite.
- A private attribute set or deleted from another thread while an assignment validates waits for the lock and is not undone by the commit. The test sees the other thread reach the lock, so it needs no sleep.
TestSettingsAssignmentRedaction and three new _ENTRY_POINT_ROWS rows (test_redacting_settings.py) cover a field-level refusal, a model-level refusal and a mistyped field name. Each carries no 16-character fragment of the key in str(), errors() or json(), and no frame on the traceback holds it, pydantic's included.
The handler test that assigned a repeated master_key to settings now stands in unvalidated settings through model_construct, so it still proves the handler reads the settings key when it is built. That check stays as defence in depth.
Mutation checks: each fix above makes its test fail when reverted. That covers the guard, the finally, the tuple, the single validated commit (private state and extras included), the property-setter path and its redaction, the narrowed bypass, the locked private write and delete, and the reentrant lock.

Local: ruff check, ruff format --check, basedpyright (0 errors) and every pre-commit hook pass. pytest tests/unit tests/critical tests/docs -m "not slow" gives 6300 passed, 28 skipped, 1 xfailed at the head. The doctests (119) and --markdown-docs README.md docs/ (144) pass. No notest added.

Docs

docs/features/zero-knowledge-encryption.md:
- Settings refuse an assignment that breaks a keyring rule, and previous_master_keys is a tuple.
- A keyring fault also surfaces when a previous key assigned to the settings repeats the master_key= of a cache already built.
- A wrapper keeps the keyring it built, and a cache builds one per tenant, on first use and after LRU eviction. A settings change therefore reaches only wrappers built after it, and a cache given master_key= keeps that current key.
- The rules heading now reads "at config load or cache build".
docs/configuration.md: a repeated master_key= is refused on an encrypting cache, when it is built.
Comments in EncryptionWrapper, CacheSerializationHandler and the tests no longer say settings take assignments unvalidated, and the handler's Raises: section lists the repeat refusal.

…write nothing CachekitConfig took assignment unvalidated, so assigning the current key into previous_master_keys (or a fourth key, or a malformed one) after load skipped every keyring rule. validate_assignment alone is not enough: pydantic writes the value before the model validator runs, so a refused keyring assignment stays on the instance. __setattr__ now validates the assignment on a copy, under a lock so two assignments cannot combine unchecked, and writes only if the copy passes. The refusal is redacted and the assigned value is dropped from the frame in a finally. Also corrects comments and docs that said settings take assignments unvalidated, and states that a built encryption wrapper keeps its keyring.

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src/cachekit/cache_handler.py
src/cachekit/config/settings.py
src/cachekit/serializers/encryption_wrapper.py
tests/unit/config/test_redacting_settings.py
tests/unit/protocol/test_encryption_master_key_vectors.py
tests/unit/test_key_rotation_keyring.py

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Summary by CodeRabbit

Bug Fixes
- Invalid updates to previous encryption keys are rejected without changing the existing setting. Previous keys can no longer be changed in place, bypassing validation.
- Encrypting caches reject configurations where the current key is also listed as a previous key. Newly built wrappers use the keyring available at creation; existing wrappers retain their current keyring.
Documentation
- Clarified when keyring rules are checked and how settings changes affect cache wrappers and multi-tenant caches. A process restart applies changed keyrings across tenants.

Walkthrough

Settings now validate assignments to previous_master_keys and retain prior values when validation fails. Encrypting handler construction checks whether its current key appears among previous keys. Documentation and tests describe the checks and how settings changes affect subsequently built wrappers.

Changes

Keyring validation

Layer / File(s)	Summary
Validate keyring assignments `src/cachekit/config/settings.py`, `tests/unit/test_key_rotation_keyring.py`, `tests/unit/config/test_redacting_settings.py`	`previous_master_keys` is now a tuple. Settings validate assignments before committing values. Tests cover rejected assignments, retained prior values, iterable inputs, redaction, and assignment behaviour.
Check keyring at handler and wrapper construction `src/cachekit/cache_handler.py`, `src/cachekit/serializers/encryption_wrapper.py`, `tests/unit/test_key_rotation_keyring.py`, `tests/unit/protocol/test_encryption_master_key_vectors.py`, `docs/configuration.md`, `docs/features/zero-knowledge-encryption.md`	Encrypting handler construction checks whether its current key appears among previous keys. Documentation and tests describe this check and state that existing wrappers retain their constructed keyring.

Priority: ➖ Normal

Estimated code review effort: 3 (Moderate) | ~25 minutes

Change: Bug fix

Sequence Diagram(s)

sequenceDiagram
  participant Application
  participant CachekitConfig
  participant CacheSerializationHandler
  participant EncryptionWrapper
  Application->>CachekitConfig: Assign previous_master_keys
  CachekitConfig->>CachekitConfig: Validate assignment
  alt Assignment is valid
    CachekitConfig-->>Application: Store validated value
  else Assignment is invalid
    CachekitConfig-->>Application: Raise ValidationError and retain prior value
  end
  Application->>CacheSerializationHandler: Build encrypting handler
  CacheSerializationHandler->>CacheSerializationHandler: Check current key against previous keys
  CacheSerializationHandler->>EncryptionWrapper: Set up wrapper and keyring
  EncryptionWrapper-->>CacheSerializationHandler: Retain constructed keyring

Merge Risk: 🟡 Moderate · up to cab3c

A rejected assignment through a subclass property setter can leave settings partly changed. Fix that path before merging.

Pre-merge checks | 4 | 1

❌ Failed checks (1 warning)

Check name	Status	Explanation	Resolution
Docstring Coverage		Docstring coverage is 55.32% which is insufficient. The required threshold is 80.00%. Docstring coverage is scoped to functions touched by this diff. Analyzed 47 functions across 6 files.	Write docstrings for the functions missing them to satisfy the coverage threshold.

✅ Passed checks (4 passed)

Check name	Status	Explanation
Linked Issues check		Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Out of Scope Changes check		Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Title check		The title clearly identifies the main change: invalid assignments to loaded settings are refused without modifying the existing state. The breaking-change marker is appropriate.
Description check		The description is comprehensive. It explains the motivation, implementation, breaking change, tests, documentation updates, security considerations, and validation results. It does not use the templa…

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kodus-27b · 2026-10-09T23:22:51Z

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A code review identified the following issues in this pull request.
Each section describes what was found and includes a reference implementation where available.

Files involved:
- src/cachekit/config/settings.py:301

---

### [1/1] src/cachekit/config/settings.py:301
Issue identified during code review:
Double consumption of the assigned value in CachekitConfig.__setattr__: the raw `value` is validated once on the `candidate` copy and then passed raw to `super().__setattr__`, which validates it again on the live instance. When the value is a one-shot iterable that pydantic's lax list validation accepts, such as `settings.previous_master_keys = (SecretStr(k) for k in keys)`, the copy exhausts the generator and passes, so the live write sees an empty iterable and silently sets `previous_master_keys` to `[]`, emptying the rotation keyring and leaving caches built afterwards unable to decrypt entries written under the old keys. Fix: write the value the copy already validated with `super().__setattr__(name, getattr(candidate, name))`.
Reference implementation (from code review):

// src/cachekit/config/settings.py:301
with _ASSIGNMENT_LOCK:
                candidate = self.model_copy()
                _redacting(functools.partial(BaseSettings.__setattr__, candidate, name, value), type(self).__name__)
                # Write the already-validated value: re-validating the raw input would consume a one-shot iterable twice.
                super().__setattr__(name, getattr(candidate, name))

---

Review each issue in context, use the reference implementations as guidance, and apply fixes that are consistent with the surrounding codebase.

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…ted in place An in-place edit runs no validator, so appending the current key to the list bypassed the assignment guard. A tuple makes every change an assignment.

…or non-fields The guard validated the assigned value on a copy, then passed the raw value to pydantic again. A generator was spent by then, so the live settings stored an empty keyring with no error, and an iterable that changes between passes could store a value the copy never saw. It now stores the copy's validated value. Assignments to names that are not fields bypass the guard, so a validator that sets a private attribute cannot deadlock on its lock. The docs now describe keyring pickup per encryption wrapper, which a cache builds per tenant.

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Every name that was not a field skipped the guard, so a value assigned to a mistyped field name was refused outside the redaction path and kept on the traceback. Only private attributes skip it now; any other name is refused inside the guard.

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…ng docs A subclass property setter that assigns a field runs while the guard holds its lock, so the lock is now an RLock. The docs restore the case where a previous key assigned to the settings repeats the master_key= of a cache already built, and say that a cache given master_key= keeps that current key when the settings change.

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Review comments at @src/cachekit/config/settings.py:
- Line 311: Update CachekitConfig’s assignment commit path to copy the
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docs/configuration.md
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src/cachekit/serializers/encryption_wrapper.py
tests/unit/config/test_redacting_settings.py
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…r once The guard committed an assignment by validating the copy's value a second time, so a validator that is not idempotent ran twice. It now swaps in the state the copy validated, as pydantic itself commits. A subclass property setter now runs once on the live settings; replaying it through a copy applied a non-idempotent setter twice and could not assign a write-only property.

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A subclass property setter runs on the live settings, outside the copy path, so a key it assigned and the settings refused stayed in pydantic's frame locals. The property path now runs inside the same redaction boundary.

…e copy Model validators run on the copy, and the commit swapped in its fields but not its private attributes, so private state a subclass validator derived was discarded with the copy.

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27Bslash6 · 2026-10-10T01:08:45Z

@coderabbitai review

The thread behind the earlier change request (commit the validated value without a second validation) was fixed in 50b0685 and resolved. Please re-review the current head, 90a01a4.

coderabbitai · 2026-10-10T01:08:53Z

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Addressed in 50b0685: the guard commits the copy's validated state without a second validation, pinned by test_assigned_value_is_validated_once. The review thread is resolved, and CodeRabbit does not re-review commits it has already reviewed.

An assignment commits by swapping in its validated copy's whole state. A private attribute written, or any attribute deleted, from another thread between the copy and the swap skipped the lock, so the swap undid it. Both now take the lock; it is reentrant, so a validator or property setter that writes a private attribute under the guard still does not deadlock.

27Bslash6 · 2026-10-10T02:17:07Z

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kodus-27b · 2026-10-10T02:17:53Z

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coderabbitai

Actionable comments posted: 1

🪄 Fix CodeRabbit comments on this PR

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Inline comments:
Review comments at @src/cachekit/config/settings.py:
- Around line 315-323: Update the assignment-copy flow around model_copy() so
mutable PrivateAttr values are isolated before validation, while lock-valued
private attributes retain their identity and are not deep-copied. Use a separate
private-state copy for candidate and leave the existing model_copy() behavior
for the rest of the model unchanged.

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src/cachekit/config/settings.py
tests/unit/config/test_redacting_settings.py
tests/unit/test_key_rotation_keyring.py

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The one finding was verified and not applied, with reasons in its thread: the proposed deep copy of private state raises TypeError for any private value that cannot be deep-copied (an Event, a socket, a client), and the in-place side effect it targets belongs to subclass validator code that plain pydantic does not isolate either. CodeRabbit does not re-review commits it has already reviewed.

27Bslash6 · 2026-10-10T02:55:32Z

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kodus-27b · 2026-10-10T03:02:23Z

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… the assignment Pydantic's validated assignment stores an undeclared name in __pydantic_extra__, not __dict__. The guard committed __dict__, the fields set and the private state from its validated copy, but not the extras, so on a subclass with extra="allow" an assignment raised nothing and the value was gone. The commit now carries every slot BaseModel keeps instance state in, the same set model_copy() fills.

27Bslash6 · 2026-10-10T04:01:57Z

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kodus-27b · 2026-10-10T04:02:43Z

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kodus-27b Bot reviewed Oct 9, 2026

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Comment thread src/cachekit/config/settings.py Outdated

27Bslash6 added 2 commits October 10, 2026 10:30

fix(config): hold previous_master_keys as a tuple so it cannot be edi…

17729fb

…ted in place An in-place edit runs no validator, so appending the current key to the list bypassed the assignment guard. A tuple makes every change an assignment.

kodus-27b Bot previously approved these changes Oct 9, 2026

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27Bslash6 dismissed kodus-27b[bot]’s stale review via 57eb8a1 October 10, 2026 00:04

27Bslash6 changed the title ~~fix(config): refuse an invalid assignment to the loaded settings and write nothing (LAB-8739)~~ fix(config)!: refuse an invalid assignment to the loaded settings and write nothing (LAB-8739) Oct 10, 2026

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27Bslash6 dismissed kodus-27b[bot]’s stale review via d7f1866 October 10, 2026 00:41

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Comment thread src/cachekit/config/settings.py Outdated

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Comment thread src/cachekit/config/settings.py

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Comment thread src/cachekit/config/settings.py Outdated

27Bslash6 added 2 commits October 10, 2026 11:51

fix(config): redact a refusal raised through a property setter

2623920

A subclass property setter runs on the live settings, outside the copy path, so a key it assigned and the settings refused stayed in pydantic's frame locals. The property path now runs inside the same redaction boundary.

fix(config): commit the private state a model validator derives on th…

90a01a4

…e copy Model validators run on the copy, and the commit swapped in its fields but not its private attributes, so private state a subclass validator derived was discarded with the copy.

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Merge branch 'main' into fix/LAB-8739-validated-settings-assignment

f366cd0

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27Bslash6 dismissed stale reviews from kodus-27b[bot] and coderabbitai[bot] via cab3cc3 October 10, 2026 04:01

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27Bslash6 merged commit 29c6a59 into main Oct 10, 2026
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27Bslash6 deleted the fix/LAB-8739-validated-settings-assignment branch October 10, 2026 04:40

cachekit-release-bot Bot mentioned this pull request Oct 10, 2026

chore(main): release 0.23.0 #511

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