fs: abort in-flight stat operations

[mertcanaltin]

Follow-up to #57775. The signal option only honored the pre-aborted case (#57775 (comment) by @Renegade334). This wires the signal as an abort listener so fs.stat callbacks reject with AbortError when the signal fires mid-request.

Refs: #57775

[bakkot]

Drive-by: this looks like it's still not actually canceling the underlying call, which would involve invoking uv_cancel somewhere.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 96.66667% with 1 line in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 90.11%. Comparing base (fd5b135) to head (4913c16).
⚠️ Report is 5 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/node_file.cc	83.33%	0 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #63142      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   90.12%   90.11%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         752      752              
  Lines      252325   252353      +28     
  Branches    47456    47459       +3     
==========================================
+ Hits       227407   227408       +1     
- Misses      16217    16259      +42     
+ Partials     8701     8686      -15     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
lib/fs.js	98.40% <100.00%> (+<0.01%)	⬆️
src/node_file.cc	73.94% <83.33%> (+0.01%)	⬆️

... and 34 files with indirect coverage changes

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[mertcanaltin]

Thanks for review @bakkot I added a new binding function for cancel

[trivikr]

cc @nodejs/fs

[mertcanaltin]

@Renegade334, could you review this pr?

[nodejs-github-bot]

CI: https://ci.nodejs.org/job/node-test-pull-request/76051/