[v24.x backport] async_hooks: add using scopes to AsyncLocalStorage

[legendecas]

Adds support for using scope = storage.withScope(data) to do the equivalent of a storage.run(data, fn) with using syntax. This enables avoiding unnecessary closures.

PR-URL: #61674
Reviewed-By: Anna Henningsen anna@addaleax.net
Reviewed-By: Gerhard Stöbich deb2001-github@yahoo.de
Reviewed-By: Bryan English bryan@bryanenglish.com
Reviewed-By: James M Snell jasnell@gmail.com
Reviewed-By: Chengzhong Wu legendecas@gmail.com

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 90.31%. Comparing base (9e39360) to head (b481c29).
⚠️ Report is 2 commits behind head on v24.x-staging.

Additional details and impacted files

@@              Coverage Diff               @@
##           v24.x-staging   #65291   +/-   ##
==============================================
  Coverage          90.31%   90.31%           
==============================================
  Files                711      712    +1     
  Lines             228425   228468   +43     
  Branches           43160    43169    +9     
==============================================
+ Hits              206293   206338   +45     
+ Misses             14090    14083    -7     
- Partials            8042     8047    +5     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
...nternal/async_local_storage/async_context_frame.js	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
lib/internal/async_local_storage/async_hooks.js	98.20% <100.00%> (+0.06%)	⬆️
lib/internal/async_local_storage/run_scope.js	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)

... and 30 files with indirect coverage changes

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[aduh95]

Error: Unrecognized type: 'RunScope' in 'file:///home/runner/work/node/node/tools/doc/type-parser.mjs'. in make test-doc to address

[nodejs-github-bot]

CI: https://ci.nodejs.org/job/node-test-pull-request/75987/