permission: enforce addon permission in GetLinkedBinding

[RafaelGSS]

process._linkedBinding() did not enforce the Addon permission check used by process.dlopen(). Apply the same permission check before resolving a linked binding, including after process.permission.drop('addon').

[nodejs-github-bot]

Review requested:

• @nodejs/security-wg

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 0% with 1 line in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 90.12%. Comparing base (e7904d4) to head (3d2d0fa).
⚠️ Report is 353 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/node_binding.cc	0.00%	0 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #65432      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   90.14%   90.12%   -0.03%     
==========================================
  Files         746      752       +6     
  Lines      242764   252322    +9558     
  Branches    45739    47449    +1710     
==========================================
+ Hits       218848   227407    +8559     
- Misses      15426    16217     +791     
- Partials     8490     8698     +208     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
src/node_binding.cc	82.10% <0.00%> (-0.33%)	⬇️

... and 250 files with indirect coverage changes

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