fix: replace 6 bare except: clauses with specific exception types

src/machinevisiontoolbox/BundleAdjust.py

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
     import pgraph
 
     pgraph_installed = True
-except:
+except ImportError:
     print("pgraph not installed")
     pgraph_installed = False
 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

src/machinevisiontoolbox/Camera.py

@@ -827,7 +827,7 @@ def clf(self) -> None:
             for artist in self._ax.get_children():
                 try:
                     artist.remove()
-                except:
+                except Exception:
                     pass
 
     def plot_point(
@@ -1862,7 +1862,7 @@ def fov(self) -> np.ndarray:
         """
         try:
             return 2 * np.arctan(np.r_[self.imagesize] / 2 * np.r_[self.rho] / self.f)
-        except:
+        except (TypeError, AttributeError):
             raise ValueError("imagesize or rho properties not set")
 
     def distort(self, points: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:

src/machinevisiontoolbox/ImagePointFeatures.py

@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ def gridify(self, nbins: int | tuple[int, int], nfeat: int) -> "BaseFeature2D":
 
         try:  # Sort features into grid
             nw, nh = nbins
-        except:
+        except (TypeError, ValueError):
             nw = nbins
             nh = nbins
 

src/machinevisiontoolbox/ImageProcessing.py

@@ -1146,7 +1146,7 @@ def choose(self, image2: Any, mask: Any) -> "Image":
                 else:
                     try:
                         color = argcheck.getvector(image2, 3)
-                    except:
+                    except Exception:
                         raise ValueError("expecting a scalar, string or 3-vector")
                 if self.isbgr:
                     color = color[::-1]

src/machinevisiontoolbox/__init__.py

@@ -188,5 +188,5 @@
     import importlib.metadata
 
     __version__ = importlib.metadata.version("machinevision-toolbox-python")
-except:
+except importlib.metadata.PackageNotFoundError:
     pass

tech-debt.md

@@ -1,5 +1,39 @@
 # Technical Debt
 
+## `BaseFeature2D.gridify()` crashes with IndexError, always
+
+Found 2026-07-29 while verifying the narrowed exception type on
+`ImagePointFeatures.py:283`'s `nw, nh = nbins` unpack (part of a bare
+`except:` cleanup). `gridify()` (`ImagePointFeatures.py:261-301`)
+raises `IndexError: arrays used as indices must be of integer (or
+boolean) type` on every call, regardless of whether `nbins` is passed
+as a tuple or a scalar int — confirmed via `git stash` that this is
+identical on unmodified `main`, unrelated to the except-type change
+that surfaced it.
+
+Root cause: `ix = f.p[0] // binwidth` / `iy = f.p[1] // binheight`
+(lines 294-295) — `f.p` is a numpy float array (feature point
+coordinates), and floor-dividing a numpy float array by a Python int
+still yields a numpy `float64` result, not an int. `bins[iy, ix]`
+(line 300) then fails because numpy refuses float-dtype indices.
+
+### Fix
+
+Cast to int after the floor division, e.g.
+`ix = int(f.p[0] // binwidth)` / `iy = int(f.p[1] // binheight)`. Small,
+self-contained, real bug fix — bundle with its own `fix:` commit and a
+regression test (`gridify()` currently has no test coverage at all;
+none of the existing point-feature tests exercise it) rather than
+folding into an unrelated change.
+
+### Resolved 2026-07-29
+
+Fixed in #30 (`fix/gridify-index-dtype`): `.item()` before the floor
+division, then `int()`. Added regression tests (there were none before)
+covering both scalar and tuple `nbins`; verified genuinely by reverting
+just the source fix and confirming the tests fail with the exact
+reported `IndexError` before restoring it.
+
 ## [HIGH PRIORITY] mypy is not run anywhere in CI or dev tooling
 
 Found 2026-07-29 while fixing the `_ImageBase` Protocol gaps in